Biology Basics (Exam 1)
Energy and Metabolism (Exam 1)
Cell Division and Inheritance (Exam 2)
DNA & Evolution (Exam 2)
Communities, Ecology, Behavior (Exam 4)
100
In science, this is the term for a comprehensive, broadly supported, repeatedly tested, cohesive and predictive explanation for a natural phenomenon.
What is a THEORY?
100
These proteins speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
What are ENZYMES?
100
This type of cellular division produces 2 identical cells.
What is MITOSIS?
100
Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as red or brown tails.
What are ALLELES?
100
Organisms which are multicellular and photosynthetic belong to this phylum.
What are Plants or Plantae?
200
In an experiment, the group receiving the placebo is known as
The CONTROL group
200
Energy is neither created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another
This is the description of what?
What is the 1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS?
200
In stable environments, this type of reproduction is most often present.
What is Asexual Reproduction?
200
Known as the Central Dogma, this process includes the steps transcription and translation.
What is Protein Synthesis?
200
This type of speciation involves a geologic barrier.
What is Allopatric speciation?
300
These 6 items are considered necessary for Life.
What are:
300
The type of reaction depicted here.
What is an EXERGONIC reaction?
300
This phase of cell division:
What is Metaphase?
300
Mutations in these cells affect the organism but not their offspring.
What are Somatic cells?
300
A relationship among organisms which benefits one and has no effect on the other is know as this.
What is Commensalism?
400
This part of the atom determines chemical interactions with other atoms (chemical bonding)
What are ELECTRONS?
400
This aerobic process occurs in all eukaryotes and produces ATP from biomolecules, especially glucose.
What is Cellular Respiration?
400
Programmed cell death, also known as this, is an essential part of normal development.
What is APOPTOSIS?
400
Genetic mutations resulting in all of the following codons being altered, usually resulting in non-functional proteins.
Original "PAM ATE THE BAD RED PIE"
PAM ATT ETH EBA DRE DPI E
Frameshift (specific type of insertion)
400
This has occurred when an organism becomes accustomed to a stimulus and over time no longer responds to the stimulus.
What is Habituation?
500
The correct order of classification from the most inclusive to the most exclusive from the following:
Class
Domain
Family
Genus
Kingdom
Phylum
Order
Species
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
500
This is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration
500
The presence of these genes promotes the cell cycle and inhibits apoptosis.
What are Proto-oncogenes?
500
Regulation of gene expression can occur at the Nuclear or Cytoplasmic levels. Three examples are:
Note: be able to describe
Options:
Nuclear levels:
1.Chromatin structure. (Epigenetics)
2.Transcriptional control.
3.Posttranscriptional control.
Cytoplasmic levels:
4.Translational control.
5.Posttranslational control.
500
This is a type of learning where an organism's behavior is paired with a stimulus.
What is Operant Conditioning?
600
These 5 properties make water necessary for life as we know it
1. High heat capacity and heat of evaporation
2. Good Solvent
3. Cohesion and adhesion
4. Less dense when frozen
5. Necessarily for biological reactions in cells
600
The increasing entropy of the universe describes this.
What is the 2nd LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS?
600
Aneuploidy (incorrect number of chromosomes) is the result of this process that sometimes occurs as part of sexual reproduction?
What is nondisjunction?
600
These structures have similarities in form as a result of having a shared ancestry.
What are Homologous structures? (1/2 for ancestral traits)
600
This type of selection favors features which improve the chances of mating. This often leads to male competition and female choice. (easy as it sounds)
What is Sexual Selection?
700
A group of substances helping to maintain homeostasis by having the ability to absorb (react with) excess H+ or OH- ions in a solution.
What are BUFFERS?
700
This is an endergonic process occurring only in specific cell types which is responsible for the conversion of photon energy to chemical energy.
What is PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
700
The type of inheritance represented in this pedigree.
What is Recessive?
700
This refers to the reproductive success of an individual relative to other members of a population.
What is Fitness?
700
This type of mating system leads to increased parental care, especially paternal (daddy) care.
What is Monogamy?
800
This biomolecule is characterized by being required for cellular membranes, and functions as long-term energy storage and insulation.
What are LIPIDS? (fats ok although this is a more specific term)
800
This is an anaerobic process, that has proved quite useful to humans, especially in the production of foods, that metabolizes glucose to either lactate or alcohol and CO2.
What is FERMENTATION?
800
This refers to abnormal cell growth as a result of a malfunction of the cell cycle where the abnormal cells are confined to an area and do not invade other tissues.
What are BENIGN TUMORS?
800
Phenotypic variation, competition for resources, and differential reproductive success are observations consistent with this type of evolutionary force.
What is Natural Selection?
800
These are 2 proposed biological reasons for the different reproductive behaviors of males vs. females.
What are
1. # and size of gametes
2. energy investment (pregnancy and child rearing)
900
Endosymbiotic theory proposes the origins of which eukaryotic cellular components?
What are MITOCHONDRIA and CHLOROPLASTS?
900
Dehydration synthesis, anabolic, energy requiring, non-spontaneous reactions can be grouped under this term
What are ENDERGONIC REACTIONS?
900
The three main sources of genetic variation among sexually reproducing organisms.
What are CROSSING-OVER, INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT, and FERTILIZATION?
•One incidence of crossing over per chromosome =
4,951,760,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 genetically different zygotes possible.
900
This type of evidence for evolution
What is Biochemical?
900
Helping others at a cost to oneself if there is a reasonable expectation that the behavior will be paid back later.
What is Reciprocal Altruism?
1000
This is the term for the transportation of small to medium-sized polar molecules by proteins embedded in the cell membrane.
What is FACILITATED TRANSPORT or
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
1000
Heating over 100 C, adding strong acids or bases or adding certain solvents can cause this in proteins.
What is to DENATURE?
1000
If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. This would be the genotype of the first parent. (use letter "A")
What is Aa, Heterozygous?
1000
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 16% of the individuals are homozygous recessive.
This (what) is the frequency of the dominant allele.
p2+2pq+q2=1 and p+q=1
What is 0.6 or 60%?
1000
The reproductive success of self as well as relatives which may explain seeming acts of altruism.
What is Inclusive Fitness? Kin Selection