Chapter 1: Exploring Life
This is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.
What is a cell?
This bond forms when atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
These are the building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
This structure controls what enters and leaves a cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
This molecule stores hereditary information.
What is DNA?
This level includes all individuals of one species living in a particular area.
What is a population?
A molecule that mixes readily with water is described by this term.
What is hydrophilic?
Plants store glucose in this polysaccharide.
What is starch?
These structures make proteins by translating mRNA.
What are ribosomes?
In RNA, this base replaces thymine.
What is uracil?
Unlike matter, this moves through an ecosystem in one direction and eventually exits as heat.
What is energy?
These attractions between water molecules help explain cohesion.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This reaction breaks a polymer by adding water.
What is hydrolysis?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and ships proteins received from the endomembrane system.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This process copies a DNA sequence into RNA.
What is transcription?
Dark beetles survive better on dark soil and become more common over generations. This process explains the change.
What is natural selection?
Water resists rapid temperature change because of this property.
What is high specific heat?
A protein loses its shape and function after exposure to high heat. Name the process.
What is denaturation?
These organelles produce most of a eukaryotic cell’s ATP through cellular respiration.
What are mitochondria?
This enzyme adds complementary DNA nucleotides during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
A tissue performs a function that none of its individual cells performs alone. This illustrates this concept.
What are emergent properties?
Oil separates from water because its molecules are largely this type.
What is hydrophobic or nonpolar?
This level of protein structure arises when multiple polypeptide chains assemble into one functional protein.
What is quaternary structure?
A cell grows while its volume increases faster than its membrane area. Name the ratio that falls and makes exchange less efficient.
What is the surface-area-to-volume ratio?
A DNA template reads 3′-TAC GGA CTT-5′. Give the complementary mRNA sequence, including direction.
What is 5′-AUG CCU GAA-3′?