Chapter 6
What is the strongest of the microscopes?
Electron Microscopes
What is pinocytosis?
cell engulfs fluid
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Characterized by competition between substrate and inhibitor for the enzyme's active site
Where do light reactions occur?
The thylakoid membrane
What is the green house effect?
Warms atmosphere with CO2
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.
Smooth ER is smooth and synthesizes lipids.
How many ions are let in and how many are let out in a sodium/potassium pump?
3 Na ions out
2 K ions inWhat is the formula for free energy ?
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
what is OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
C3 vs C4 plants
C3 photosynthesis uses the Calvin cycle only for carbon fixation catalyzed by Rubisco, inside the chloroplast in mesophyll cells. While C4 plants' photosynthesis activities are divided between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells where carbon fixation is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC).
Or whatever i say is good
What filament functions in cell motility?
Microfilaments (and myosin)
Anabolic vs Catabolic pathways
Anabolic breaks down complex molecules
Catabolic builds complex molecules
If ΔG is negative then the reaction is?
Exergonic/spontaneous
Which molecule in photosynthesis does the oxygen we breathe come from?
It comes from water not CO2
For every 3 molecules of CO2 that enter the cycle, the net output is
one molecule of G3P
What is the function of desmosomes?
spot-like transmembrane protein-based adhesions that fasten cells together into strong sheets
Active vs passive transport? with examples
Active requires energy and a transport protein
Passive don't require energy sometimes require a protein though.
Equation for cellular respiration and the ΔG in kcal
C6H12O6 + O2 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O
-686 kcal/mol
Energy accounting for the citric acid cycle (2x if you can break down accounting for all respiration)
2 ATP
6 NADH = 15 ATP
2 FADH = 3 ATP
What molecules come from the calvin cycle and to the light reactions, and vice versa?
CC->LR= NADP+, ADP, and inorganic phosphate
LR->CC= ATP and NADPH
What seven structures are apart of the endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Transport vesicles
Plasma/cell membrane
Describe the fluid mosaic model
there is a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded. The phospholipid bilayer gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane
Name all 3 kinds of enzyme regulation and examples for each
Competitive
Non competitive
Compartmentalization of enzymes and substrates
Describe pyruvate oxidation
Enter Answer
Draw they cycle of CAM plants
n/a