Transcription
Transcription is the process of mRNA synthesis. True or False
True
tRNA contains anticodon- a 3-nucleotide sequence that base pairs with mRNA codon.
True
Mutation
_______ = DNA polymerase copies a new DNA strand from a DNA template strand.
Replication
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that do not cut DNA at specific base sequences. True or False?
False
In RNA base pairing:
G = ?
A = ?
T = ?
C, U, A
A protein called _______ enters the A site (in place of a tRNA)
Release Factor
_________ is a single nucleotide (base) in DNA sequence is changed.
Point Mutations
What keeps the DNA single strands apart or unwound?
Single-Strand Binding Protein (SSBP)
______ bonds "sticky ends" together
DNA ligase
Spliceosome
Ribosomal structure consists of 2 subunits which are? The subunits consists of?
large and small
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and Proteins_________ Binds to signal peptide
Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)
According to the Meselson and Stahl experiment demonstrated that the DNA replication is _________
Semiconservative
_________ = all DNA in genome of an individual organism
Genomic DNA library
_____ codes RNA sequences
_____ noncodes RNA sequences between exons
Exons, Introns
_______ an enzyme that bind correct a.a. with correct tRNAs
______ changes the reading frame during translations
______ changes a splice site, causing an intron to remain in mRNA and get translated
Frameshift
Splice Site
Explain why DNA is semi-conservative?
Because each parental DNA strand becomes a template for a new strand.
_________ are the colonies of cells containing various cloned DNA Fragments.
DNA Libraries
Post-Transcription Modification is aka _____
Which does the termination of transcription that results in RNA transcript = ________ = this then turns into = ________ after RNA processing
RNA Processing
Pre-mRNA
Messenger RNA
In codon degeneracy (Redundancy)
1. All amino acids (except MET and TRP) are coded by > 1 codon = ?
2. But any given codon only codes for 1 amino acid = ?
Redundancy
Specificity
______ creates a stop codon and prematurely stops translation of polypeptide?
_____ places different amino acid in that position in polypeptide
_____ no effect on a.a. sequence
Nonsense mutation
Missense mutations
Silent mutation
Choose the right answer for the following steps:
1. The Primase adds a new (RNA primer or DNA primer) base paired to DNA template
2. The (DNA Pol III or Primase) adds bases onto 3' end of RNA primer to start new Okazaki Fragments.
3. DNA polymersase III adds bases to (finish or start) a new DNA fragment
4. DNA pol. 1 removes old RNA primer and replaces it with (DNA nucleotides or DNA Pol.)
5. DNA (Ligase or Helicase) joins new DNA fragment to growing DNA copy
All the answers are the first choice
The _________ is a cycled reaction using heat-tolerant form of DNA polymerase.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)