Transcription
1. Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Transcription in prokaryotes occur in the cytoplasm.
Transcription in eukaryotes occur in the nucleus.
1. Name the start codon and the stop codons
Start = AUG (Met)
Stop = UAC, UAA, UGA
1. The Meselson & Stahl experiment demonstrated that DNA replication follows the ___________ model.
Semiconservative
1. These are short circles of DNA
Bacterial plasmids
2. What are the steps of protein synthesis (in eukaryotes)?
Transcription --> RNA processing --> Translation
2. Differentiate translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously.
In eukaryotes, transcription has to finish before translation can happen.
2. True/false: DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 5’ end of an existing strand.
False.
2. What are restriction enzymes?
Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific base sequences
3. If there were 90 amino acids, then how many nucleotides should a codon have?
4
3. Name this mutation from the given amino acid sequences
Wild type = Met-Gly-Cys-Ile-Phe-Arg-Stop
Mutant type = Met-Gly-Stop
Nonsense mutation
3. ___________ unwinds double helix.
Helicase
3. True/false: Recombinant DNA is usually from the same species.
False.
4. What are the steps to RNA processing?
1. Introns spliced out of pre-mRNA
2. 5’ capping (at 5’ UTR)
3. 3’ polyadenylation (at 3’ UTR)
4. mRNA exits nucleus
4. Name this mutation from the given amino acid sequences
Wild type = Met-Gly-Val-Ile-Phe-Arg-Stop
Mutant type = Met-Gly-Ala-Ser-Leu-Leu
Frameshift mutation
4. What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication?
Ligase
4. What is cDNA?
Complementary DNA = DNA made from mRNA template
5. What is the RNA sequence for the DNA sequence below?
5’ – TTC GAT TAG ATG CCG AAG – 3’
5’ – UUC GAU AUG CCG UUG – 3’
5. What is the amino acid sequence of this DNA sequence below:
3’ – TAC TCT CCC AAA GCG ATC – 5’
Met-Arg-Gly-Phe-Arg-Stop
5. Differentiate DNA Polymerase I and DNA Polymerase III.
DNA polymerase III = adds bases to primer to start new DNA fragment (Okazaki fragment)
DNA polymerase I = removes old RNA primer & replaces it w/ DNA nucleotides
5. What enzyme bonds the single-strand DNA tails made by the same restriction enzyme base-pair?
DNA ligase