Eukaryotes
This structure is the defining feature of eukaryotes for which they are named.
What is the nucleus? (endomembrane system OK)
Land plants produce this complex molecule that forms the outer spore or pollen wall.
What is sporopollenin?
This is the name for the sexual lifecycle in land plants.
What is Alternation of Generations?
Archaeplastida have a chloroplast evolutionarily derived from this.
What is a cyanobacterium?
This is a set of techniques for studying microbes in their natural habitat without the need for culturing.
What is environmental microbiology? (cultivation-independent techniques OK)
Eukaryotes and Archaea lack the cell wall present in bacteria, which is made of this substance.
What is peptidoglycan?
One major synapomorphy of angiosperms is the presence of this triploid tissue in their seeds.
What is endosperm?
In land plants, spores are produced by this cell division process.
What is meiosis?
Archaeplastida contain glaucophytes, "green algae", land plants, and this diverse clade of algae.
What are red algae?
This is the technique of sequencing and studying all the mRNA transcripts from an environmental sample.
What is metatranscriptomics?
Protists include all eukaryotes except plants, animals, and this large group.
What are fungi?
Pairs of guard cells open to allow gas exchange through this opening.
What is the stomatal pore?
This is the ploidy of spores, gametophytes, and gametes in land plants.
What is haploid?
The glaucophytes have this strange, bacteria-like feature in their chloroplasts.
What is a peptidogylcan cell wall?
Gram-Positive bacteria include Actinobacteria and this large group
What are Firmicutes?
Actin and this protein work together to cause phagocytosis, amoeboid motion, etc.
What is myosin?
After pollination and fertilization, the ovule of a flowering plant develops into this structure.
What is a seed?
In land plants, the zygote divides by mitosis to produce this multicellular structure.
What is an embryo?
"Green Algae" and Land Plants share a synapomorphy of cell walls made of this substance.
What is cellulose?
This type of metabolism uses energy obtained from small, inorganic molecules or ions (e.g. Fe2+) to produce sugar.
What is chemolithoautotrophy?
In eukaryotes, introns are removed and exons are spliced together by this large macromolecular machine.
What is the spliceosome?
Land plants are a part of this clade that also includes some green algae (known as "Charophytes").
What is the Streptophyta?
Like all sexual lifecycles, the plant lifecycle includes meiosis and this process.
What is syngamy? (fertilization OK)
The term angiosperm refers to this structure that develops into a fruit following pollination and fertilization.
What is the carpel? (ovary OK)
In many eukaryotes, this process yields a variety of different proteins from a single gene.
What is alternative splicing?