Life: A Brief History (16)
The change in the position of continents over time.
What is continental drift?
Conversion of solar energy to chemical energy in the form of a carbohydrate.
What is photosynthesis?
Phases of the Calvin Cycle.
What are CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and Regeneration of RuBP?
Area of the mitochondria between the outer membrane and the cristae.
What is the intermembrane space?
Total number of ATP produced by cellular respiration.
What is 38?
Loss of large numbers of species withing a few million years or less.
What is mass extinction?
Structure via which carbon dioxide enters the leaf.
What are stomata?
Molecule that can exit the Calvin Cycle and forms glucose and other organic molecules.
What is G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)?
Eight step process that breaks down glucose to form pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
Role of oxygen in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
What is act as a final electron acceptor?
Era in which the first cells appeared.
What is the Precambrian?
Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is ATP and NADPH?
Molecule that combines with CO2 to form a 6 carbon structure, which in turn breaks down into two 3 carbon molecules (3PG).
What is RuBP?
The fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide with 5 carbon RuBP is facilitated by RuBP Carboxylase (a.k.a. RuBISCO)
Process in which ATP production is tied to an H+ gradient across a membrane.
What is chemiosmosis?
Location of the Krebs cycle.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The movement of earth's crust due to fragmented plates that float on a hot mantle layer.
What is plate techtonics?
Layers (tissue) of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs.
What is the mesophyll?
Location of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the stroma of the chloroplast?
Fate of glucose molecule in glycolysis.
What is 2 pyruvate?
In the prep reaction, a 3–carbon pyruvate is converted to this.
What is a 2-carbon acetyl group?
Meteorites, climate change, and human activies.
What are causes of mass extinction?
Location of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the thylakoid membrane?
Occurs when RuBP carboxylase reacts with oxygen when the stomata are closed causing components of the Calvin Cycle to break down.
What is photorespiration?
Net yield of ATP in fermentation.
What is 2 ATP?
Number of FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle.
What is 2?
Eras of the geologic timescale.
What are Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic?
Passes an energized electron to an electron acceptor BEFORE it enters the electron transport chain.
What is Photosystem II?
Type of photosynthesis that partitions the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in space.
What is C4 photosynthesis?
Products of glycolysis.
What is 2 ATP and 2 NADH?
The most ATP is produced during this phase of cellular respiration.
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
A group of organisms that has flourished and greatly expanded in diversity (number of species) since the Permian/Triassic mass extinction.
What are insects?
Type of photosynthesis in which CO2 is fixed into a C4 molecule at night, and then released to the Calvin Cycle as CO2 during the day.
What is CAM Photosynthesis?
Location of the Calvin Cycle in C4 Photosynthesis.
What is the bundle sheath??
In fermentation, the reason for converting pyruvate to lactate or alcohol.
What is to recycle NAD+?
Phase in the Calvin cycle in which CO2 from the atmosphere combines with RuBP.
What is CO2 fixation?