Cells and Tissues and Organs, Oh My!
A group of similar cells performing a similar function.
What is tissue?
Components of the central nervous system.
What are the brain and spinal cord?
Thin-walled vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
What are veins?
Veins primarily carry unoxygenated blood, though the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Baleen whales are this type of feeder.
What are filter feeders?
Filter feeders sift small food particles from water.
Structures used by aquatic organisms to extract oxygen from water.
What are gills?
Epithelium that lines kidney tubules and functions to absorb molecules.
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
Cells that form the myelin sheath in the CNS and PNS, respectively.
What are oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
Resting period between contractions of heart chambers.
What is diastole?
Systole is the contraction of the heart chambers.
Phase of digestion that occurs when nutrients are taken into the body.
What is absorption?
Direction of movement of the ribs and diaphragm during inspiration.
What is up and out (ribs) and down (diaphram)?
The diaphragm CONTRACTS and moves down during inspiration, creating negative pressure in the lungs that causes air to "vacuum" in.
Thin layers of protein that anchor epithelium to the underlying connective tissue.
What is the basement membrane?
Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses from the CNS to the muscles.
What are Motor neurons?
Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from the muscles and sensory structures toward the CNS.
Vessel that permits exchange of material with the tissues.
What are capillaries?
Number of deciduous teeth.
What is 20?
Terminating point of air flow in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
What is at the alveoli?
Type of epithelium where goblet cells can be found.
What is psuedostratified columnar epithelium?
Released from axon terminals into the synaptic cleft.
What are neurotransmitters?
Type of tissue that forms the endothelium of blood vessels.
What is simple squamous epithelium?
Structure that covers the opening to the respiratory tract during swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
Covers the glottis, which is the opening to the larynx.
Tubes that move air from the spiracles to the body tissues in insects.
What are tracheae?
Composed of fibroblasts with elastin and collagen fibers and typically has space between the components.
What is loose fibrous connective tissue?
Filling spaces between the meninges, this material is produced by the ventricles of the brain.
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
Number of chambers in the amphibian heart.
What is three?
Enzyme produced by the parotid glands in the mouth that begins the breakdown of starch.
What is salivary amylase?
Gas exchange between air and blood within lungs.
What is external respiration?
The four major components of blood.
What are red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets?
Division of the brain that regulates motor activity below the level of consciousness.
What is the hindbrain?
Mechanism that prevents backward flow of blood in veins.
What are valves?
Rhythmic contraction that pushes bolus along digestive tract.
What is peristalsis?
Highly efficient method of gas exchange in fish.
What is countercurrent exchange?
Primary locations you would find dense fibrous connective tissue.
What are dermis, ligaments and tendons?
Ventricle that is found within the diencephalon.
What is the third ventricle?
The pacemaker of the heart.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
Absorbs only water, salts, and some vitamins.
What is the large intestine?
No digestion takes place in the large intestine.
Portion of the brain that controls the rhythm of ventilation.
What is the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata?
Cell type found in lacunae of bone.
What are osteocytes?
Lobe of the brain that is the primary visual area and receives information from the eyes.
What is the occipital lobe?
Purpose of red blood cells.
What is transport oxygen using hemoglobin?
Condition that results due to the lack of Vitamin C.
What is scurvy?
In scurvy, connective tissues begin to loose their ability to hold together leading to delayed wound healing and infections.
Pathway of air during inspiration.
What is nose/mouth-->pharynx-->trachea-->bronchi-->bronchioles-->alveoli?
The types of muscle tissue under involuntary control.
What is smooth and cardiac?
Only skeletal muscle can be controlled voluntarily.
Primary function of the cerebellum.
What is maintain posture and balance?
Posture and balance are maintained by integrating sensory and motor impulses.
Type of circulatory system found in spiders and molluscs (excluding cephalopods).
What is an open circulatory system?
Thick, soupy liquid that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
What is chyme?
The first location entered by air from the trachea in birds.
What are the posterior air sacs?
Birds have a unique set of air sacs connected to the lungs that allow them to perform highly efficient respiration.