Metabolism
Nucleic Acids
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
DNA Replication and Repair
Applications of DNA Synthesis
100
Reactions that involve the gain or loss of one or more electrons.
What is a oxidation-reduction reaction?
100
A molecule containing a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups.
What is a deoxynucleotide triphosphate? (dNTP)
100
The number of chromosomes at anaphase in a cell that has 9 chromosomes during G1.
What is 18?
100
An enzyme that prevents shortening at the ends of linear chromosomes?
What is telomerase?
100
A nucleotide that contains an H instead of an -OH on the 3' carbon of deoxyribose.
What is a dideoxynucleotide triphosphate (ddNTP)?
200
The process in which one six carbon sugar is broken down into two three carbon sugar molecules.
What is glycolysis?
200
This enzyme modifies histones making the associated DNA more susceptible to DNases.
What is histone acetyltransferase?
200
A cell structure present during mitosis that is made up of alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers
What is the spindle apparatus?
200
A process that occurs outside of S phase to repair any damaged DNA.
What is nucleotide excision repair?
200
An enzyme that can synthesize DNA at high temperatures
What is Taq polymerase?
300
An enzyme that uses ATP as both a substrate and allosteric inhibitor.
What is phosphofructokinase?
300
A laboratory procedure in which a cell is bombarded by a radioactive material and then by the same material with no radioactive label.
What is a pulse-chase experiment?
300
A transcription factor that enters the nucleus to trigger the production of S-phase proteins when it is not bound by RB.
What is E2F?
300
A protein that cuts DNA at specific palindromic sequences.
What is a restriction enzyme?
300
An enzyme that removes nucleotides from the end of a nucleic acid chain.
What is an exonuclease?
400
The final electron acceptor on the electron transport chain?
What is oxygen?
400
The differences between DNA and RNA.
What is the use of uracil instead of thymine, the presence of an -OH group on the 2' carbon in RNA but an H on the 2' carbon in DNA, and the double helix structure of DNA compared to the single-stranded RNA molecule?
400
The microtubules that attach to the chromosomes during Mitosis.
What are kinetochore microtubules?
400
Fragments of DNA that are synthesized along the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
400
A laboratory procedure used to amplify a specific sequence of DNA
What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
500
This substance is pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria producing a strong electrochemical gradient.
What are hydrogen ions/protons?
500
They used T4 bacteriophages to prove that DNA, and not protein, is the hereditary material
Who are Hershey and Chase?
500
The result of a ring of actin filaments located just within the plasma membrane of animal cells that contracts at the end of mitosis.
What is a cleavage furrow?
500
The direction of DNA synthesis.
What is 5' to 3'?
500
In Sanger sequencing, the tool that is used to identify the last base incorporated into a DNA strand.
What is fluorescence?
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