Ch. 52-Ecology and the Biosphere
Which terrestrial biome is characterized by being vertically layered, having high competition for light, and maintaining a constant temperature range of 25-29°C?
A) Savanna
B) Northern Coniferous Forest
C) Tropical Forest
D) Chaparral
C) Tropical Forest
Which population growth model describes a population increasing in an idealized, unlimited environment, resulting in a J-shaped curve?
A) Logistic Model
B) Demography Model
C) Carrying Capacity Model
D) Exponential Model
D) Exponential Model
Which type of interspecific interaction is characterized as (+/-), where one species benefits by feeding on another species which is harmed?
A) Competition
B) Mutualism
C) Exploitation
D) Commensalism
C) Exploitation
According to the Laws of Thermodynamics and the Law of Conservation of Mass, how do Energy and Matter behave differently within an ecosystem?
Energy flows through an ecosystem (entering as sunlight and leaving as heat), whereas Matter cycles within it (continually being recycled between biotic and abiotic forms).
Go to Mountains image.
Label the sides.
Leeward: backside
Windward: facing ocean
True or False: Global climate change is defined as a directional change to the global climate that lasts for at least one decade.
In the logistic growth model, the maximum population size that a particular environment can support is called the __________
carrying capacity (K)
True or False: According to the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, high levels of disturbance lead to the greatest species diversity by preventing any one species from dominating.
False
Zooplankton is a type of ______
A) Primary producer
B) Detritivore
C) Secondary producer
D) Primary consumer
D) Primary consumer
Go to Biome Image
Identify each biome.
Biome 1: Savanna
Biome 2: Desert
List the four major physical components of climate that determine global patterns.
Temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind
Which of the following factors are considered "vital statistics" studied in demography to determine how a population changes over time? Select all that apply:
A) Birth rate
B) Migration (Immigration/Emigration)
C) Death rate
D) Territoriality
A) Birth rate
B) Migration (Immigration/Emigration)
C) Death rate
Two species of spiny mice are both naturally nocturnal, but when they coexist in the same environment, one becomes diurnal (active during the day) to avoid competition. What ecological term describes this differentiation of niches?
Resource partitioning (specifically temporal partitioning)
Which of the following organisms are classified as Detritivores (Heterotrophs that get their energy from nonliving organic matter)?
A) Fungi
B) Phytoplankton
C) Bacteria
D) Earthworms
A) Fungi
C) Bacteria
D) Earthworms
Go to seasonal lake stratification image.
What is the temperature at A, B, C, and D. What is occurring during spring and autumn?
What is label 1 representing?
A,B,C,D=4
turnover
thermocline
Explain why many of the world’s largest deserts, such as the Sahara or the Arabian Desert, are consistently located at approximately 30° North and South latitude.
Explain why tropical forests exhibit high precipitation levels and high temperature all year round using the same concept from above.
Deserts at 30°: These areas are arid because dry, cool air from the upper atmosphere descends at these latitudes, warming up and absorbing moisture from the land rather than releasing it as rain.
Tropical Forests at the Equator: Intense solar radiation at the equator causes warm, moist air to rise and cool, leading to heavy condensation and consistent year-round precipitation.
You are a marine biologist studying a "population" of gummy sharks in a deep-sea bowl. You reach into the bowl and capture 20 blue gummy sharks. You "mark" them by giving each one a tiny backpack (or a dot of food coloring) and release them back into the bowl. You shake the bowl thoroughly to ensure the marked sharks mix evenly with the rest of the population. You reach in and grab a handful of 30 sharks. You look closely and see that 6 of these sharks are wearing the tiny backpacks. What is the total estimated population of gummy sharks in the bowl?
100 gummy sharks
Which of the following are examples of Positive Interactions where at least one species benefits and neither is harmed?
A) A bird nesting in a tree
B) Mycorrhizae fungi providing nutrients to plant roots
C) A tapeworm living inside a mammal
D) Cattle egrets eating insects flushed out by grazing cows
A) A bird nesting in a tree (commensalism)
B) Mycorrhizae fungi providing nutrients to plant roots (mutualism)
D) Cattle egrets eating insects flushed out by grazing cows (commensalism)
If a caterpillar consumes 1,000 Joules (J) of energy from a leaf, but 500 J is lost as feces and 320 J is used for cellular respiration, what is the Net Secondary Production? What is the production efficiency?
Net Secondary Production: 180J
Production efficiency: 36%
Go to zonation image
Identify each zone.
1)Littoral
2)Limnetic
3)Intertidal
4)Neritic
5)Oceanic
6) Abyssal
Which of the following statements accurately describe the "Ocean Pelagic Zone" based on the provided data? Select all that apply:
A) It is the largest biome on Earth, covering approximately 70% of the surface.
B) Phytoplankton here are responsible for roughly 25% of global photosynthesis.
C) It is characterized by low oxygen levels due to its massive volume.
D) It experiences seasonal turnover in temperate oceans.
E) It is currently threatened by ocean acidification and global warming.
A) It is the largest biome on Earth, covering approximately 70% of the surface.
D) It experiences seasonal turnover in temperate oceans.
E) It is currently threatened by ocean acidification and global warming.
A population of 500 ground squirrels lives in a habitat with a carrying capacity of 1,500 and an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.1. Using the logistic growth model, calculate the change in population size during the next time interval.
33
A nonvenomous king snake has evolved coloration that closely resembles the venomous coral snake. Predators often avoid the king snake because they mistake it for the dangerous coral snake. What type of mimicry is this?
Batesian mimicry
A field of clover (primary producers) captures enough solar energy to produce 50,000 Joules (J) of net primary production. If this ecosystem follows an idealized Pyramid of Net Production with a 10% trophic efficiency, how many Joules of energy will be available to the tertiary consumers?
50J
Go to Population Model Image.
Which model is represented by line A? Line B?
What type of curve are they producing and why?
Which is more applicable to the real world?
What are their respective equations?
A=exponential; J-shaped/exponential curve; resources are unlimited thus there is no carrying capacity
B=logistic; S-shaped/sigmoid curve ; resources are limited and thus population will reach carrying capacity; more applicable