Descent with Modification
Who is Charles Darwin?
Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA sequences
What is genetic variation?
Speciation that occurs without geographic separation
What is sympatric speciation?
These non-living molecules are thought to be precursors to modern cells and have membranes
What are protocells?
A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
What is a phylogenetic tree?
The study of fossils
What is paleontology?
Described by these equations: p+q=1; p2+2pq+q2=1
What is Hardy-Weinberg?
An example of a prezygotic barrier to reproduction
What is? Any of these: habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation or gametic isolation
What is amber?
Type of grouping on a phylogenetic tree that includes the common ancestor and most of its descendants.
The smallest group that can evolve over time
What is a population?
Chance fluctuations in allele frequencies in small populations
What is genetic drift?
An example of a postzygotic barrier to isolation
What is? Any of these: reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown
According to your textbook, flowering plants (angiosperms) arose during this geologic ERA.
What is the Mesozoic era?
Two species have experienced convergent evolution and have phenotypic similarities. Their similarity is an example of ____.
What is analogy?
Similarity resulting from common ancestry
What is homology?
Selection that shifts the overall makeup of a population by favoring variants that are at one extreme of the distribution
What is directional selection?
Extra sets of chromosomes due to errors in cell division; can lead to sympatric speciation
What is polyploidy?
This prominent mechanism for evolution is a change in the rate or timing of organism's development compared to its ancestors.
What is heterochrony?
The transfer of genes through mechanisms such as plasmid exchange and viral elements.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Species not found anywhere else in the world
What are endemic species?
Contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, compared to the contributions of other individuals
What is relative fitness?
Three possible outcomes from hybrid zones
What are reinforcement, fusion, and stability?
These two organelles in eukaryotes have their own DNA and provide evidence for the endosymbiont theory.
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Phylogenies are inferred from these types of data.
What is morphological and molecular data?