Cellular Respiration
This "energy currency" molecule is the primary product of cellular respiration.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
This green pigment is responsible for absorbing light energy in the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
Bonus: Where is this located in the chloroplast?
This phase of the cell cycle is where DNA replication occurs.
S phase (Interphase)
These are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
This cellular structure is the site where translation occurs.
Ribosome
This 10-step process occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
Glycolysis
This enzyme is responsible for "fixing" CO2 in the first step of the Calvin Cycle.
Rubisco
The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
This term describes the "antiparallel" nature of the DNA double helix.
The strands run in opposite directions (5' to 3' and 3' to 5')
The triplet sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Codon
This process occurs in the absence of oxygen to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.
Fermentation
These are the two primary products of the light-dependent reactions used in the Calvin Cycle.
ATP and NADPH
During Meiosis I, these pairs of chromosomes swap genetic material in "crossing over."
Homologous chromosomes
The "Central Dogma" describes the flow of information from ___ to ___ to ____.
DNA to RNA to Protein
This type of bond connects adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Peptide bond
Most ATP is generated here via the movement of protons through ATP synthase.
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (or Oxidative Phosphorylation/ETC)
This specific compartment in the chloroplast is where the light reactions take place.
Thylakoid membrane (Lumen)
This protein, known as the "guardian of the genome," can trigger apoptosis if DNA is damaged.
p53
This type of RNA molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
These molecules bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching an anticodon to a codon.
tRNA (transfer RNA)
This is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic electron transport chain.
Oxygen (O2)
This molecule acts as the initial electron donor, replacing electrons lost by Photosystem II.
Water (H2O)
These specific protein structures at the centromere are where spindle fibers attach.
Kinetochores
If a DNA sample contains 30% Adenine (A), how much Cytosine is present?
20% Cytosine
This sequence of amino acids at the start of a protein directs it to its correct destination in the cell.
Signal sequence