DNA Replication
In DNA replication, this enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.
What is primase?
This measure, expressed in map units or centiMorgans, represents the frequency of recombination between two loci.
What is recombination frequency?
In prokaryotes, the ribosome binds to this sequence on mRNA during translation initiation.
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
This enzyme coded by the lacZ gene breaks lactose into glucose and galactose.
What is beta-galactosidase?
This type of mutation changes a single nucleotide but does not affect the resulting protein due to codon redundancy.
What is a silent mutation?
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are protected by these repetitive sequences.
What are telomeres?
When two genes are located so close together on the same chromosome that they neither independently assort nor recombine, they are described as this.
What are completely linked loci?
The chemical reaction in which the carboxyl group of one amino acid forms a covalent with another amino acid, linking them in a protein chain.
What is peptide bond formation?
This sugar molecule acts as an inducer for the lac operon by inactivating the repressor protein.
What is allolactose?
Mutations in these regions, like promoters or enhancers, can alter the levels of gene expression without changing the protein sequence.
What are regulatory regions?
This enzyme relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork by cutting and resealing DNA strands.
What is topoisomerase?
This scientist explained gene linkage and proposed crossing over as a mechanism for genes not independently assorting.
Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan?
This release factor recognizes stop codons UAA and UGA.
What is RF-2?
The lac operon is an example of this type of operon, where transcription is normally off but can be turned on in the presence of an inducer.
What is an inducible operon?
This type of mutation results in a premature stop codon, truncating the protein.
What is a nonsense mutation?
These proteins prevent the DNA helix from reannealing after being unwound.
What are single-strand binding proteins (SSBs)?
Genes located close together on the same chromosome, which do not independently assort, are called this.
What are linked loci?
In eukaryotic transcription, this sequence surrounds the start codon and aids ribosome recognition.
What is the Kozak sequence?
This structural gene in the lac operon codes for transacetylase, which aids in lactose transport into the cell.
What is lacY?
This type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a base pair, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.
What is a frameshift mutation?
In eukaryotes, this DNA polymerase extends the leading strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase epsilon?
These loci are located on the same chromosome but are physically distant enough to recombine via crossing over.
What are syntenic loci?
This protein complex in eukaryotes recognizes the 5’ cap of mRNA and initiates translation in eukaryotes.
What is the Cap-Binding Complex?
When glucose levels are low, these two molecules bind together and enhance RNA polymerase binding to the lac operon promoter.
What are cAMP and CAP?
This term describes a mutation that restores the original phenotype by compensating for the effects of a primary mutation.
What is a suppressor mutation?