Exam 1
This is the full word that represents "R" in "DECREE"
What is Reproduction
what is a switch?
Two versions of the same gene are called this
What are alleles?
True or False, if a mutation causes a new allele to be present in the population due to this individual, evolution and increase in genetic variation has occurred in the population
What is True?
Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive graphs
Draw
What is Fitness? (Name other two requirements)
The anticodon found on the tRNA for ATG in the CODING strand would be this...
What is TAC
These two phases (one in the overall cell cycle and the other in meiosis) are when chromosomes consist of only one DNA molecule
What is before S phase, and after meiosis?
These must be present if non-sister chromatids are present
What are homologous chromosomes?
Meiosis 1 and 2 versus mitosis (for points on this, is mitosis more like meiosis 1 or 2? and what is the difference?)
More like 2, however, no homologs are present in meiosis 2
What is non-random and random, respectively?
Given the sequence below, nucleotides TTCGA would be this...
-5 - agctg
+1 - TTCGA
+6 - TACAA
+11 - GCGAT
What is transcribed but not translated/5'UTR?
An individual with AaBB crosses with an AaBb individual, this many genotypes are present in the F1...
What is 6?
This concept can be most easily applied when you find a hair follicle of an animal and wanting to see if it has spectated from a recent ancestor or not
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
The steps of transcription, with a picture starting with txn factors binding to the promoter (ending with what being the last to be transcribed)
1. txn factors bind to promoter
2. RNA polymerase is recruited to the factors
3. Activator is bound to the switch
4. Activator touches RNA polymerase and starts transcription
5. Poly (A) site transcribed
This is what the graph should look like if you want to show that deeper beaked birds have a higher fitness (draw the graph and answer once it is done being drawn but you cannot use the word fitness on your graph- try on whiteboard)
What is (showing a graph that has beak depth on the x-axis, and #of fertile offspring on the y-axis, where the deeper beaked part of x-axis has the highest peak)
Denaturing Hydrogen Backbones in an amino acid affects these (to be specific)
What is Secondary structure, tertiary structure, and maybe quaternary structure?
During metaphase 2 of meiosis, if you start with 2n=16, this is the number of molecules your cell will contain
What is 16?
You find a multicellular organism that has a cell wall made of cellulose and can perform
photosynthesis. Where do you expect to find
DNA
in this organism?
a
Only in the nucleus
b
. Only in the nucleus and mitochondria
c
. Only in the nucleus and chloroplasts
D In the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
What is D?
This is what all is present in a eukaryotic cell (compare it to a prokaryotic cell)
Linear DNA, Nucleus, ribosomes, cell wall possibly (name the two you could have) endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, maybe chloroplasts, prokaryotes have circular DNA, plasmids, possibly flagella and pili (what is the purpose of those?) and capsules/a second cell wall in bacterias case)
Explain the process of infolding and endosymbiosis, and which organelles arose from each
What is endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus arising from infolding, and mitochondria and chloroplast arising from endosymbiosis (what type of DNA do mitochondria and chloroplasts have for extra points)
Gene F is expressed in liver cells only, which must be true?
A. Gene F is found only in liver cells
B. Gene F has hundreds of different switches, but only the liver switch is activated
C. Gene F has a single switch, the liver switch, in which a liver activator binds to in liver cells only
D. There is only a promoter for this gene in liver cells
E. The liver switch is only found in liver cells
What is C?
This is the possibility of selecting a Yellow, short plant if you cross a pure-breeding yellow tall plant with a plant that has the genotype YyTt (Y=Yellow yy=pink, T=tall tt=short)
what is 0%, or 0/4?
In the meselson stahl experiment, this would be the percentage of DNA molecules with at least one light strand in them after 4 rounds of replication if semiconservative were true, and they started in heavy transferring to light
What is 100%?
This is a box describing the differences between types of eukaryotes (Name them too) points for naming them all and at least one thing they have that defines them
Plants - autotrophs (some can be heterotrophs but for this class that is almost zero, multicellular, asexual or sexually reproducing, cellulose in cell wall
animals - heterotrophs, multicellular, sexually reproducing, ingest food, no cell wall
fungi - cell wall made of chitin, heterotrophs, unicellular or multicellular
protist - can have cell wall or not, can be unicellular or multicellular, can be heterotrophic or autotrophic