Phylum Porifora
Another word for the flagella-bearing "collar cells"
Choanocytes
True or False: Singular nematocysts can fire multiple times in a Jellyfish's lifespan.
False! Each nematocyst can only fire once.
How is the platyhelminthes eyespot different from human eyes?
The eyespot can only detect light and dark
What is the purpose of the nematodes outer cuticle?
It is the site of respiration
At which stage are sponges mobile?
Larval stage.
What organism is known to have human-like eyes, and what class does it come from?
Box Jellyfish ; Class Cubozoa
What are the names of the two main sub-phylums under Platyhelminthes? How are they best distinguished?
Turbellaria: All free-living worms (planarians)
Neodermata: All parasitic worms (flukes and tapeworms)
What does it mean for Nematodes to be ecdysozoan?
They shed their outer cuticle (a process called ecdysis)
Explain the process of osmoregulation.
Water is pulled in by current-creating choanocytes through the ostia (or pores), and the tiny plankton within the water are broken down by the amoebocytes and choanocytes of the sponge. the water then escapes through the osculum (or larger hole at the top)
Name the class within Phylum Cnidaria whose body plan is colonial, and the model organism of that class
Class Hydrozoa ; the hydra, and the portogese man-of-war
What does it mean that platyhelminthes have a "blind gut"?
They have incomplete digestion, meaning the food enters and exits through the same hole
A patient presents to a clinic after eating strange iHop ham and reports a stomachache and vomiting. What does she likely have, and which nematode is likely responsible?
Trichinosis from the Trichinella worm
Spicules: sharp structures made from calcium carbonate ; protects the sponge
Spongin: tough and fibrous protein ; provides structural support
Name three differences between Phylum Ctenophora and Phylum Cnidaria
1. Cnidaria has incomplete digestion, Ctenophora has complete
2. Cnidaria has radial symmetry, Ctenophora has biradial
3. Cnidaria captures prey with stinging cells, Ctenophora captures prey with sticky colloblast
4. Cnidarians can be opaque or transparent, all Ctenophores are transparent and jelly-like
What is a proglottid? Why is it important?
The repetitive hermaphrocitic sections produced by the neck of the tapeworm ; allows for reproduction
How does filariasis cause elephantiasis?
The nematodes block the lymph channels, which leads to a build-up of lymphatic fluid and severe swelling
Explain the process of regeneration in sponges.
Sponges can asexually reproduce to replace parts of their bodies that were cut or removed
Describe the process of coral bleaching.
Pigmented protists (dinoflageglites) live on coral and form a symbiotic relationship. When the water gets warmer, however, the colorful protists detach from the coral.
Name the two types of flukes, where they reside, and the potential symptoms they carry
1. Blood flukes: live in bloodsteam of intestine or bladder, causes schistomiasis
2. Liver flukes: live in bile ducts of liver of humans and livestock, can cause cirrhosis but usually asymptomatic
Name two differences and two similarities between Phylum Platyhelminthes and Phylum Nematoda
1. Platyhelminthes is acoelomate, Nematoda is coelomate
2. Platyhelminthes do not have or shed on outer cuticle, Nematods do
1. Platyhelminthes and Nematodes are unsegmented worms
2. Platyhelminthes and Nematodes often have asymptomatic parasites