Animal Movement
The "Dark Band" of the sarcomere is made from...
Myosin
Ouabain disrupts the....
Double to name main the organ system this most effects
Na+/K+ Pumps
Cardiac
What's the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV describes the infection which destroys the immune system
AIDS describes the syndrome of not having an immune system anymore
Monoecious vs. Dioecious?
Female and Male organs in the same vs different plant
Does the fractional concentration of O2 in the atmosphere change?
Double if you say what the value is
No
~20.95%
Name at least 2 functions of bone
Name all 4 for double
Rigid Support
Calcium/Mineral Storage
RBC Production
WBC Production
Name 2 physical defenses of plants
Double for naming all 4 from lecture
Thorns/Spines
Silicone-laced tissue
Hydrophobic Waxy Cuticle
Stomata that Close
Briefly describe the allergic response (yes, this is in your objectives)
IgE binds to an allergen and subsequently binds to mast cells, "sensitizing" the body. Allergens triiger hypersensitive response
What are the female components of a flower? The male?
Stigma, Style, Ovary
Anther, Filament
What's the difference between the auxin response/concentration in roots and shoots?
Double if you can explain apical dominance
Triple to name the main theory for how shoots bend
Auxin con is high in shoots where they bend. Opposite for roots
Removal of the apical bud causes expression of the auxiliary buds
Acid-Growth hypothesis
What is the role of ATP hydrolysis in the crossbridge cycle?
Detachment of myosin from actin.
Double for for their origin and purpose
Chemokines, immune cell recruitment, dilation, macrophages
Histamines, blood vessel dilation and permeability, mast cell
Cytokines, immune cell recruitment/activation, macrophages
A helper t-cell, responding to a ___cellular pathogen, will use _____ to activate B-Cells, triggering the rapid production and release of _____
extracellular
cytokines
antibodies
What component of the plant is triploid? What is it's primary function?
The endosperm
Nutritive tissue
Specifically describe the events at the synaptic cleft
Double if you describe ionotropic and metabotropic reception
Complete the sentence:
Calcium from the _____ binds to the _____ causing the shift of _____ allowing myosin to bind to actin.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Explain the general pathway in which a cell recognizes antigens (innate).
TLR, substrate to product, inactive enzyme to active, transcription of peptide products
Briefly describe the process by which an antigen from an intracellular pathogen is used to eventually trigger the cell mediated response. Use vocab.
discovery of antigen, fragmentation in the ER, MHC I presentation, CD8+ T-Cell recognition, cytotoxic T-Cell activation and clonal expansion, apoptosis
What are the male and female gametophytes?
Pollen and Embryo
The CAM system uses ___ __________ to convert CO2 into a C4 acid for storage in the _____ for use by _____
Pep Carboxylase
Vacuole
Rubisco
When an action potential reaches muscle tissue, neurotransmitters called _____ cross an _____ synaptic cleft, triggering an action potential in the _____
Acetylcholine/ACh
Ionotropic
T-Tubules
What are the main 2 hormones in the proteinase inhibitor pathway?
Systemin, Jasmonic Acid
Briefly describe the process by which an antigen from an extracellular pathogen is used to eventually trigger the humoral response. Use vocab.
phagocytosis of antigen, fragmentation in the endosome, MHC II presentation, CD4+ T-Cell recognition, helper T-Cell activation and clonal expansion, B-Cell activation and confirmation, B-Cell clonal expansion, antibody production and release
Briefly explain the process where the embryo is fertilized.
Pollen into stigma, pollen tube down style, 2 sperm fertilization, sperm in sunergid, formation of zygote and endosperm.
Describe the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Pathway
Double for specifics on the purposes of EACH hormone
Triple if you can recall another pathway from memory
I'm not writing that down lmao