Animal Movement
The "Dark Band" of the sarcomere is made from...
Myosin
Ouabain disrupts the....
Double to name main the organ system this most effects
Na+/K+ Pumps
Cardiac
What's the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV describes the infection which destroys the immune system
AIDS describes the syndrome of not having an immune system anymore
Oogenesis produces ____ polar bodies
3
The right ventricle (and pulmonary artery) leads to the...
To the lungs
Name at least 2 functions of bone
Name all 4 for double
Rigid Support
Calcium/Mineral Storage
RBC Production
WBC Production
Name 2 physical defenses of plants
Double for naming all 4 from lecture
Thorns/Spines
Silicone-laced tissue
Hydrophobic Waxy Cuticle
Stomata that Close
To activate the innate immune response, _____ on leukocytes detect antigens of foreign material.
TLRs (Toll-Like Receptors)
Humans use birth control that releases...
Progesterone and/or Estradiol
Briefly explain what happens during depolarization of a neuron
Voltage-gated channels rapidly open and then shut, sodium rushes out, shortly after potassium leaves as well.
What is the role of ATP hydrolysis in the crossbridge cycle?
Attachment of myosin to actin.
Name the three primary hormones/molecules involved in the animal inflammatory response.
Double for for their origin and purpose
Chemokines, immune cell recruitment, dilation, macrophages
Histamines, blood vessel dilation and permeability, mast cell
Cytokines, immune cell recruitment/activation, macrophages
A helper t-cell, responding to a ___cellular pathogen, will use _____ to activate B-Cells, triggering the rapid production and release of _____
extracellular
cytokines
antibodies
What is the third stage of parturition (for mammals)? Double for all three
Dilation
Expulsion
Delivery of Placenta
A branch arises from the _____ ___. This horizontal lengthening is primary or secondary growth?
Axillary bud. Primary
Complete the sentence:
Calcium from the _____ binds to the _____ causing the shift of _____ allowing myosin to bind to actin.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Explain the general pathway in which a cell recognizes antigens (innate, plants)
TLR, substrate to product, inactive enzyme to active, transcription of peptide products
Briefly describe the process by which an antigen from an intracellular pathogen is used to eventually trigger the cell mediated response. Use vocab.
discovery of antigen, fragmentation in the ER, MHC I presentation, CD8+ T-Cell recognition, cytotoxic T-Cell activation and clonal expansion, apoptosis
What is the function of the epididymis?
Sperm Storage
The CAM system uses ___ __________ to convert CO2 into a C4 acid for storage in the _____ for use by _____
Pep Carboxylase
Vacuole
Rubisco
When an action potential reaches muscle tissue, neurotransmitters called _____ cross the synaptic cleft, triggering an action potential in the _____
Acetylcholine/ACh
T-Tubules
What are the main 2 hormones in the proteinase inhibitor pathway?
Systemin, Jasmonic Acid
Briefly describe the process by which an antigen from an extracellular pathogen is used to eventually trigger the humoral response. Use vocab.
phagocytosis of antigen, fragmentation in the endosome, MHC II presentation, CD4+ T-Cell recognition, helper T-Cell activation and clonal expansion, B-Cell activation and confirmation, B-Cell clonal expansion, antibody production and release
During ovulation, a ________ ______ is expelled from the ovary and enters the _______, where fertilization may take place.
The _____ is where embryonic development takes place. During childbirth, the baby passes through the ______.
2nd oocyte, oviduct, uterus, cervix
Briefly describe the pathway for cortisol release
Double for organs involved
CRH, ACTH, Cortisol
Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary, Adrenal Gland