This principle states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist.
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
100
This type of interaction increases the fitness of one of the participants and leaves the other unaffected.
What is commensalism?
100
Dashed arrows represent these types of effects.
What is indirect?
100
These are referred to as the vital rates.
What is BIDE?
100
Duplication and separation are the two main parts to this process.
What is cell division?
200
These giant air circulation cells influence regional precipitation patterns.
What are Hadley cells?
200
This parasitic species described in lecture affects the behavior of the host to benefit itself.
What is the flatworm parasite?
200
This refers to consuming resources at more than one trophic level.
What is omnivory?
200
This rate is used to measure population growth over discrete intervals of time.
What is lambda? Also acceptable: geometric rate of increase, finite rate of increase.
200
This is the part of the cell cycle in which the cell cannot divide.
What is interphase?
300
This type of flask served as the control in Pasteur's experiment.
What is the swan-necked flask?
300
These types of parasites cannot reproduce outside of a host cell.
What are obligate parasites?
300
These three types of species may have effects that are more important than others.
What is keystone species, ecosystem engineers, and dominant species?
300
This measure of continuous growth can be calculated by taking the natural log of the geometric rate of increase.
What is r?
300
In this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate.
What is anaphase?
400
These are three criteria for good experimental design.
What are control groups, constant experimental conditions, and replication/large sample sizes?
400
This process can begin when a parasite species evolves a trait that allows it to survive and reproduce in a host.
What is a co-evolutionary arms race?
400
These organisms are the main marine producers despite their low individual biomass.
What are phytoplankton?
400
The carrying capacity k is determined by this.
What is competition for resources?
400
These are four of the five advantages of asexual reproduction.
What is not needed a mate, not needed to expend energy or resources on attracting a mate, fewer risks from predators, fewer risks of STDs, faster population increases.
500
This type of evolutionary change was witnessed in Galapagos island finches.
What is character displacement?
500
This type of organism associates with land plants to increase the surface area of plants' roots and increase the plants' ability to take up nutrients and water.
What is mycorrhizal fungi?
500
This is the term for when a top predator influences the density of species at all trophic levels below them.
What is a trophic cascade?
500
In this type of situation, r decreases as the population density increases.
What is logistic growth?
500
A cell that has 16 chromosomes in G1 phase will have this many chromatids in G2 phase.