Cell Theory and Basic Chemistry
What is one difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Size (eukaryotes are larger)
Membrane bound nucleus and organelles in eukaryotes and not prokaryotes
What level of protein structure is conserved, even when a protein is denatured?
Primary structure
At what carbon do DNA and RNA nucleotides differ?
At the 2' carbon!
DNA: H (de-OXY)
RNA: OH
Is facilitated diffusion an example of active or passive transport?
Passive (does not require energy input, only channel proteins)
True or false: ribosomes are present in all living organisms
True
Which type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
True or false: catalysts (enzymes) are consumed in chemical reactions.
False
30%
Which type of microscopy creates a high resolution 3D image?
Scanning electron microscopy
This level of protein structure is associated with hydrogen bonding and the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets.
Secondary structure
What type of chemical reaction forms polypeptide bonds during protein synthesis?
Condensation reaction
Is ATP hydrolysis an anabolic or catabolic reaction?
If a cell is in a cold environment, what could be done to allow materials to better flow into/out of the cell?
Adding cholesterol
Increasing the # of double bonds in fatty acid tails (increasing unsaturation)
Which organelle is responsible for protein-packaging?
Golgi apparatus
Are channel proteins an example of integral or peripheral membrane proteins?
Integral
What are the four parts of the cell theory?
All organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
True or false: a noncompetitive inhibitor lowers an enzyme's affinity for its substrate.
False
Km (an enzyme's affinity for its substrate) is unchanged by the addition of a noncompetitive inhibitor
Vmax (maximum reaction rate) IS changed
Is the 5' end of DNA comprised of a phosphate or hydroxyl group?
Phosphate
What type of filaments are microfilaments made of?
Actin
What two types of junctions serve as anchoring junctions?
Adherens junctions and desmosomes
Why does water have a high surface tension?
If you increase the H+ ions in solution, what is the effect on pH?
pH decreases (more acidic)
pH = -log [H+]
What type of linkage (alpha or beta) is found in cellulose?
Beta linkage!
What are two features of plant cells that are not present in animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Large vacuoles
Plasmodesmata
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
Triglycerides consist of glycerol linked to three fatty acids