Fitness and Selection
Being able to survive and reproduce
What is fitness?
This occurs because traits are often heritable and organisms compete to survive
What is natural selection?
When alleles are transferred between populations due to immigration
What is gene flow?
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Shows relationship between organisms over time.
This is required to have two different species
What is reproductive isolation?
Give and example of an organism that is more fit
(teacher discretion)
When multiple niches are available and organisms evolve separately to fill those niches to avoid competition
What is adaptive radiation?
When a cataclysm occurs the remaining allele frequencies are different than they were before the event
What is bottleneck effect?
This represents speciation events and common ancestors
What is a node?
This type of speciation occurs when a species separates into two separate groups that are isolated from one another.
Allopatric
An environmental factor that impacts whether an organism can survive and reproduce. ______________ pressure
What is selective pressure?
The two equations of HW equilibrium involve these terms and each of them mean . . .
What is p for dominant allele frequency, q for recessive alle frequency, p2 for homozygous dominant frequency, 2pq for heterozygous frequency, and q2 for homozygous recessive frequency?
When environments are similar they lead to the development of similar traits in two different lineages and the traits are called this
What is convergent evolution and analogous traits?
What do the branches on a phylogenetic tree represent?
Different species
The fur tree's pollen cannot physically attach to the pine tree's cone
What is an example of mechanical isolation?
When the extremes of a trait are both equally selected for, this occurs
What is disruptive selection?
If 30 out of 50 individuals have the dominant trait, how many are homozygous dominant assuming HW equilibrium?
7
These structures exist between organisms who share those types of ancestors
What are homologous traits and common ancestors?
Is there only one big phylogenetic tree?
No, there are many trees that can be used to show different families (apes, aquatic creatures, etc.).
This keeps horses and donkeys from being considered the same species
What is hybrid sterility?
Give an example of stabilizing selection
(teacher discretion)
Give an example of natural selection
(teacher discretion)
This is a number determined by the number of living offspring of one organism compared to the average number of living offspring for that population
What is relative/evolutionary fittness?
Why are phylogenetic trees important?
Show common ancestors for organisms which can be used to determine how they are related.
This type of speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.
Sympatric