Carbohydrates
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
a. lactose
b. glucose
c. glycogen
d. cellulose
a. lactose
What are the components of a triglyceride? Which covalent bond holds this structure?
one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains
held by ESTER LINKAGE
a. not complimentary
b. single-stranded
c. parallel
d. anti-parallel
d. anti-parallel
Which protein structures are affected when a protein is denatured?
secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure
The conversion of nucleic acids to nucleotide is an example of:
a. endergonic reaction
b. catabolic reaction
c. anabolic reaction
d. dehydration synthesis
b. catabolic reaction
Which of the following polysaccharides have a structural function?
a. glucose
b. glycogen
c. starch
d. chitin
d. chitin
What is the most predominant lipid found in cell membranes?
PHOSPHOLIPID
The complimentary DNA strand for 5’ ATTAGCA 3’ is:
a. 5' ATTAGCA 3'
b. 5' TAATCGT 3'
c. 3' TAATCGT 5'
d. 3' UAAUCGU 5'
c. 3' TAATCGT 5'
Which level of protein structure do alpha helix and beta pleated sheets start to form?
secondary structure
What does it mean for our cell membrane to be selectively permeable? What is the fluid mosaic model?
Selectively permeable – allows some substances to cross but not others.
Fluid mosaic model – the membrane is considered to be a fluid combination of phospholipids, proteins, and other molecules.
a. it will have a 1:2:1 ratio
b. it contains two carbohydrate units
c. can be classified by the location of the carbonyl group
d. galactose is an example of a monosaccharide
b. it contains two carbohydrate units
Which of the following is true of saturated fatty acids?
A. they have a high melting point
B. they are liquid at room temperature
C. they contain at least one double bond
D. they are loosely packed
A. they have a high melting point
TRUE/ FALSE: DNA is different from RNA because DNA is made up of a pentose sugar while RNA contains a hexose sugar
Which part of the amino acid is involved in the tertiary structure? Which bonds are present?
The backbone (Amino group, central hydrocarbon, carboxyl group) + R group
- ionic bond
-hydrogen bond
- van der waals forces
-disulfide bridge
Name and describe the 3 types of membrane proteins.
Integral membrane proteins – penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. Majority are transmembrane proteins (which span the entire bilayer).
Peripheral membrane proteins – not embedded in the membrane at all; they are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.
Transmembrane proteins – (trans “across) embedded proteins that span the width of a membrane.
All of the following are true of combining Glucose + Fructose except:
a. they are held by glycosidic linkage
b. they will form sucrose
c. they will use dehydration reaction
d. they will use hydrolysis
d. they will use hydrolysis
All of the following is true of cholesterol except:
a. it is found in cell membranes
b. it is a type of steroid
c. it is a precursor to estrogen
d. all of the following is true of cholesterol
d. all of the following is true of cholesterol
The alternating sugar and phosphate of the nucleotide backbone are held by:
a. covalent bonds
b. hydrogen bond
c. ionic bonds
d. van der waals forces
a. covalent bonds
If the amino acid is hydrophobic, where would the side chain most likely be found in a protein dissolved water?
a. in the interior of the protein
b. on the exterior of the protein
c. in the interior of the protein in contact with water
d. either on the interior or exterior of the protein
a. in the interior of the protein
An enzyme is regulated by some type of mechanism of inhibition. The enzyme’s normal substrate will bind to the active site. However, there is also an inhibitor molecule that is also capable of binding to the active site. Which mechanism of inhibition is most likely for this scenario?
A) Noncompetitive inhibition
B) Competitive inhibition
C) Temperature effects
D) Phosphorylation
B) Competitive inhibition