DNA Replication
Transcription and Translation
Mutations
Genetic Terminology
Transcription and Translation
100
In DNA, this nitrogenous base pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds.
What is adenine?
100
The enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
100
A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
What is a mutation?
100
These two scientists are credited with discovering the double helix structure of DNA
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
100
The total number of chromosomes in a typical human somatic cell.
What is 46?
200
In RNA, adenine pairs with this nitrogenous base instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
200
This short RNA sequence provides a starting point for DNA synthesis during replication.
What is a primer?
200
A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.
What is a deletion mutation?
200
The experiment that confirmed DNA, not protein, is the genetic material using bacteriophages.
Hershey-Chase experiment?
200
Chromosomes that are the same in both males and females.
What are autosomes?
300
If cytosine makes up 35% of a DNA sample, this is the percentage of adenine present.
What is 15%?
300
This model describes DNA replication where each new molecule consists of one parental and one new strand.
What is the semiconservative model?
300
Exposure to ultraviolet light can cause these lesions, resulting in kinks in the DNA helix.
What are nucleotide dimers?
300
What is a karyotype?
300
In eukaryotes, this enzyme synthesizes messenger RNA.
RNA polymerase
400
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
400
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
400
This type of mutation involves the replacement of one nucleotide base with another.
What is a base-pair substitution?
400
The multistep process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional product.
What is gene expression?
400
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
What is a codon?
500
This component differentiates one DNA nucleotide from another.
What is the nitrogenous base?
500
Proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes in eukaryotic chromosomes.
What are histones?
500
Cells with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What are diploid cells?
500
The molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
500
The structure consisting of DNA and associated proteins, carrying genetic information.
What is a chromosome?