The Path to Evolution
The Path to Evolution (2)
Vocabulary
Vocabulary (2)
Misc.
100
Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
100
Who got evolution "wrong"?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
100
What is a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships?
A phylogeny
100
What is the change in the heritable properties of a population over generations?
Evolution, or biological evolution
100
Genome is to organism as gene pool is to _______
Population
200
Who is the father of modern taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
200
Who thought that all species were perfect and could be arranged on a ladder or scale, from simple organisms to complex?
Aristotle
200
What is similarity due to independent evolution? (This refers to a structure, not a process)
Homoplasy
200
Discuss the main differences between homology and homoplasy.
Homology is similarity due to common descent, while homoplasy is similarity due to independent evolution.
200
Over time, a population of ants evolves so that ALL individuals in the population have a bright red color. We call this ______ of the allele for bright red color. (HINT: there is only one variant of the gene for bright red color in the population; the allele exists at a frequency of 100%)
Fixation; the allele is fixed.
300
Who hypothesized that the earth might be older than previously thought? This person also realized that observable geological processes produce small changes that accumulate over time.
James Hutton
300
Who noted that fossils resemble but are not exactly the same as modern species? This person also inferred that many past species must be extinct.
Georges Cuvier
300
What refers to the independent evolution of similar structures in different groups of organisms? (This is a process, not the structure itself)
Convergent evolution, or convergence
300
What is the capacity of an organism to develop any of several phenotypic states depending on the environment?
Phenotypic Plasticity
300
Who said "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution?"
Dobzhanksy
400
What is the theory of Uniformitarianism?
Observable natural processes are responsible for past events (Credit to Charles Lyell)
400
Who came up with the theory of Uniformitarianism?
Charles Lyell
400
What is similarity due to common descent, common ancestry?
Homology
400
What is the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits?
Artificial Selection
400
In DNA, there are four nucleotides: A,C,T and G. They pair up in sets of twos. Which nucleotides pair together?
AT, GC.
500
When was Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" published?
1859
500
In what way did Lamarck get evolution "wrong"?
He thought that organisms acquire changes throughout their lifetime, and then pass these onto their offspring (acquired characters) However, changes that happen within an organism's lifetime cannot be put into the genetic code.
500
What is the branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth?
Taxonomy
500
What is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA?
A mutation
500
If a small population and a large population are under the same selective pressures and have the same amount of genetic variation, would you expect the large population or the small population to evolve faster?
Small - This one is tricky! Usually, larger populations have more genetic variation (and thus a greater capacity to evolve). However, if the genetic variation is the same, the smaller population will evolve more quickly. It's quicker to spread a mutation throughout a smaller population than a larger one.
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