Regulation of Gene Expression
A cluster of related genes that can be controlled by a single on/off switch in prokaryotes.
operon
An organism whose genome contains DNA introduced from another organism of the same or a different species
genetically modified organism (GMO) or transgenic
The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes.
gene flow
The concept that says the simplest explanation tends to be correct; it is represented by the fewest evolutionary events needed to construct a phylogenetic tree
parsimony
A reproductive barrier between two species, one that is nocturnal and one that is active during the day.
temporal isolation
A protein that inhibits transcription and, in prokaryotes, binds to the DNA in or near the promoter.
repressor
A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A type of selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive and reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes.
disruptive selection
analogous
This is an example of an inducible operon.
lac operon
A gene found in viral or cellular genomes that is involved in triggering molecular events that can lead to cancer.
oncogene
A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries genes separate from those in a bacterial chromosome; used as vectors in DNA cloning
plasmid
The term in the Hardy-Weinberg equation that represents the frequency of the recessive homozygous genotype.
q2
Name the levels of classification of life in order from least to most specific.
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is close related to but not part of the group of species we are studying
outgroup
A type of gene regulation in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns
alternative RNA splicing
An enzyme that recognizes and cuts foreign DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences.
restriction enzyme
A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next; has a more pronounced effect on small populations
genetic drift
A characteristic or trait that two lineages share, which has evolved leading up to their clade and is unique to that clade.
shared derived character
The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms that do not involve the nucleotide sequence.
epigenetic inheritance
This addition of a functional group to a protein component of chromatin promotes transcription by opening up the chromatin structure.
histone acetylation
A double-stranded DNA molecule made in vitro using mRNA as a template and the enzymes reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase, corresponding to the exons of a gene
complementary DNA (cDNA)
Speciation that occurs when an accident during cell division results in extra sets of chromosomes.
polyploid speciation (sympatric)
Many researchers who study the kingdom Protista argue that all of these organisms should NOT be placed in the same kingdom, because these organisms could not have evolved from a common ancestor. In other words, they argue that the kingdom Protista is __________.
polyphyletic
Maternal RNA and proteins in the egg that influence the course of development in an early embryo
cytoplasmic determinants