Nervous System
What is the difference between the PNS and CNS
CNS = brain and spinal cord, PNS = everything else
This is a specialized sensory receptor that detects and responds to specific chemical stimuli in the environment or within the body. They detect airborne chemicals and chemicals dissolved in saliva.
Chemoreceptor
What are the atria and ventricles of the heart?
Atria- upper chambers
Ventricle - Lower chambers
This organ uses wave-like muscular contractions (peristalsis) to move food from the mouth to the stomach.
What is the esophagus?
The muscular, dome-shaped partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is the primary muscle for breathing.
What is the diaphragm?
Why can myelinated axons send an impulse faster than unmyelinated?
The pulse jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier (ex. Frog jumping on lily pads)
What is the blind spot?
Area of the eye where the optic nerve exits the retina, does not have any photoreceptors
The smallest vessels in the body where exchange happens.
What are capillaries
This enzyme, found in saliva, begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth.
What is amylase?
The physical process through which gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane.
What is diffusion?
What is the time right after an action potential fires, when a neuron must rest and repolarize before firing again?
The refractory period
This transparent tissue sits behind the iris and changes shape to help you focus on near or far objects.
The natural pacemaker of the heart.
What is the SA node?
This organ produces a mix of enzymes (lipase, protease, amylase) and releases them into the small intestine.
What is the pancreas?
Explain the importance of capillaries in the alveoli.
talks about gas exchange, diffusion
What region of the brainstem directs essential, involuntary activities like heart rate, breathing, and body temperature?
Medulla or brainstem
These three tiny bones in the middle ear are responsible for amplifying sound vibrations: the malleus, incus, and stapes.
What are the auditory ossicles?
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart chambers fill with blood.
What is diastole?
This structure in the small intestine increases surface area to maximize nutrient absorption into the blood.
What are villi?
Air travels from the pharynx to the ________ to the _____ and finally to the ______ where oxygen is exchanged with the blood stream.
trachea, bronchi, alveoli
What neurons carry information from receptors in your senses toward the brain and spinal cord
Sensory (afferent) neurons
This narrow tube connects the middle ear to the throat and allows you to equalize pressure on both sides of your eardrum (like when flying).
What is the Eustachian tube
Discussion based: Briefly explain to me how the heart pumps blood throughout the body.
Needs to include the chambers and valves, also include veins and arteries
What is the enzyme that breaks down the proteins in the stomach? What is it released as?
Pepsin; released as pepsinogen and turns into pepsin when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid
Explain what happens to the diaphragm and ribs during inhalation and Exhalation
Needs to explain that diaphragm contracts and moves down and ribs expand and then diaphragm relaxes and moves back up and ribs move back into position