Biochemistry (ch 8)
digestion & circulation (9)
respiration & muscles (10)
immunity & Blood (11)
excretion (12)
100
What is a biological catalyst, & what are they made of?
enzymes & protein
100
What is peristalsis
What is one way muscle contractions of the esophagus
100
Is vaping healthier than smoking?
Only for other people who don't have to breath secondhand toxins anymore. So I guess, yes, it is?
100
how do macrophages kill invading bacteria?
phagocytosis
100
What is the working unit of a kidney called? How many does each kidney have?Nephron 1 x 10 6
Nephron 1 x 10 6
200
list three factors which influence enzyme rates
pH substrate concentration temperature
200
Semi-lunar valves are between which two parts of the circulatory system?
heart & arteries
200
What are the two proteins involved in muscle contraction, and what is the name of the model?
actin & myosin, sliding filament theory
200
What resists a change in pH of blood - acting as a buffer?
haemoglobin
200
What does the rate of filtration in the glomerulus depend upon?
blood pressure
300
What is the family of the nutrient considered responsible for the majority of heart disease?
What is lipid
300
What are three functions of the liver?
produce bile stores glycogen removes an amino group from amino acids and creates urine stores vitamines detoxifies compounds like alcohol
300
what is the normal value for blood pressure in a healthy teenager, and which is diastole?
120mm / 80mm, the lower of the two
300
What are the two distinct areas of an antibody called, and how do they function
Constant region, variable region. Each variable region has a shape that is complementary to a specific antigen, the markers of the antigen bind to the antibody and immobilize it.
300
list two compounds that should be retained and returned back to the blood in a healthy nephron Salts glucose proteins
Salts glucose proteins
400
What is the chemical reaction which stores energy? is this end or exothermic?
What is ADP + Pi = ATP Endothermic (or photosynthesis)
400
arterioles are connected to venules via?
capillaries
400
if the pH of blood decreases, where in the brain are the chemoreceptors that can detect this, and what happens to the rate of breathing?
Medulla Oblongata, increases
400
1. What is the function of a suppressor T-cell? 2. Which cell holds an imprint of the antigen?
1. inhibits the immune system response 2. memory B cell
400
Kidneys maintain the pH of blood by excreting ________ and restoring _________ ions into the blood
H + and HCO 3 ions
500
Describe the 4 levels of protein structure
What is primary. secondary. tertiary. quaternary amino acid sequence. alpha helix / beta pleats. folding and cross bridges. two or more tertiary structures joined.
500
outline the journey of a RBC through the heart, starting at the vena cava, ending with the aorta
right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery / pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle aorta
500
What happens to the pH of blood when CO2 dissolves in it, and which enzyme increases the rate of this reaction?
decreases, carbolic anhydrase
500
If there is insufficient calcium in a persons diet they will experience
decreased ability to form clots
500
What are the substances transferred in the descending loop of Henle, and then the ascending loop of Henle?
water sodium & potassium ions
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