The Cell Membrane
What makes up most of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids!
True or false: the nucleus has a single membrane & pores.
False!
The nucleus has a DOUBLE membrane & pores.
True or false: mitochondria is found only in animal cells
FALSE!
Mitochondria is found in BOTH animal and plant cells
What makes the Rough ER rough? What do these do?
Ribosomes- make proteins via translation
Name something found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (there are several things!)
DNA & ribosomes
The cell membrane has two parts, called arranged in a ________ ___________
The cell membrane has two parts, called arranged in a phospholipid bilayer.
What do we call the spheres of membranes that carry material throughout the cell?
Vesicles! These pinch off of an organelle and can cause material to exit the cell (exocytosis) or bring material into the cell (endocytosis)
Plants & animal cells are what types cells?
Plants and animals are eukaryotic cells!
Name an organelle NOT included in the end-membrane system
Chloroplast & mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system
What do we call the movement down a concentration gradient via a channel or carrier protein? Does this use ATP?
Facilitated Diffusion- does NOT use ATP (energy) to function.
Substances move from a high concentration to a lower concentration via the protein channel/ carrier protein
Name a component of the membrane that has not been mentioned before!
*Proteins: Transporters, receptors, enzymes, or anchors, integral, or peripheral proteins
* Other important components: Cholesterol
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Finishes carbohydrate synthesis
Sorts and packages proteins & lipids to their final destination via vesicles (sacs that bud off the edges of the Golgi apparatus)
What do we call the process of capturing energy from the sun to synthesize sugar? Which organelles/cells do it?
Photosynthesis, which occurs in the chloroplasts found only in plant cells
What does the cell use to send "packages" of material in and out of the cell?
Vesicles! These little spheres can import/ export material from the cell
Active transport moves substances against their _______ using ________.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradients using energy.
What makes lipids more fluid at low temperatures and less fluid at higher temperatures?
Cholesterol!
Name any of the 3 organelles found in plant or animal cells that has a double membrane.
Both plant and animals cells have:
Nucleus & mitochondria, which are double membraned
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Only plant cells have:
Chloroplast, which is double membraned
What is the largest part of a plant cell? Is it found in animal cells?
Central vacuole is only found in plant cells!
It stores water, nutrients, and helps maintain turgor pressure of the plant
Name any of the functions of the Smooth ER
Carbohydrate synthesis
Detoxifying the body of drugs/ poison
Regulate internal Calcium levels
Name a difference between a prokaryotic cell vs a eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic (like bacteria): No nucleus, no organelles, no internal compartments
Eukaryotic (like plants and animals): nucleus, membrane bound organelles
Explain the Fluid Mosaic Model
Mosaic: because many types of lipids & proteins exist within the phospholipid bilayer
Fluid: because the lipids and some proteins can move laterally within the membrane.
Name all 5 components of the endomembrane system
Nuclear envelope
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles
What is turgor pressure? Which type of cell is it found in-plant or animal cells?
Turgor pressure: occurs when water moves into a plant cell via osmosis- it's what helps keep the plant upright.
Where is RNA synthesized in the cell?
In the nucleolus, which is the dark spot found in the nucleus!
The nucleus also is where DNA is held in the body
Explain what will happen to a cell in a hypertonic vs hypotonic solution.
In a hypertonic solution: the cell will shrivel and lose water
In a hypotonic solution: the cell will swell and can potentially burst