Cell Basics
Which two major cell types are compared in the slides: prokaryotic and what?
Eukaryotic cells
What organelle contains most of a eukaryotic cell's genes?
The nucleus
Which organelle is described as the cell's shipping and receiving center?
The Golgi apparatus.
Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?
The mitochondria
What does SEM stand for?
Scanning electron microscopy
Name one feature that prokaryotic cells do NOT have.
A nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
What is the name of the double membrane surrounding the nucleus?
The nuclear envelope
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
Which organelle carries out photosynthesis in plants and algae?
The chloroplasts.
What does TEM stand for?
Transmission electron microscopy.
Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell, according to the slides?
In an unbound region called the nucleoid
What is chromatin made of?
DNA and proteins.
Name one function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Name the three types of structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
What is the extracellular matrix (ECM) made of in the animal-cell example shown in the slides?
Glycoproteins, including:
What structure surrounds the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell?
The plasma membrane
What structure inside the nucleus is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
The nucleolus.
What does the Golgi apparatus do to products received from the endoplasmic reticulum?
How does the cytoskeleton help materials move inside the cell?
The cytoskeleton provides tracks, sometimes described as "monorails," along which vesicles travel with the help of motor proteins.
What receptor proteins in the plasma membrane bind to extracellular matrix proteins?
Integrins
Give two characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
Where can ribosomes be found, and what process do they carry out?
Ribosomes are found in two locations:
What are lysosomes, and under what conditions do their enzymes work best?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules, including:
Their enzymes work best in an acidic environment.
A cell needs to generate ATP using oxygen. Which organelle performs this function?
The mitochondria
A macrophage destroys bacteria. Name three cell components that work together in this process, according to the slides.