Energies
Kinetic energy
Energy associated with motion
Glycolysis
Glucose to pyruvate
Metabolism
is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions
Catalyst
a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Potential energy
Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Citric acid cycle
Pyruvate oxidation and complete the breakdown of glucose to CO2
Closed systems
reactions will eventually reach equilibrium, and then can do no work
Enzyme
a macromolecule (typically protein) that acts as a catalyst to speed up a specific reaction.
Light Energy
A type of kinetic energy made up of little energy packets called photons
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transfer chain facilitates synthesis of most of the cell’s A T P. Named so because it is powered by redox reactions.
Open systems
cells are not in equilibrium, there is a constant flow of materials; metabolism is never at equilibrium.
Inhibitors
decrease reaction rates while activators increase reaction rates
Chemical energy
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction; form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Conservation of energy
The property that states energy is not created nor destroyed but is converted from one form to another
Heat (Thermal Energy)
Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
Feedback inhibition
The product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway