Photosynthesis
What enzyme grabs CO2 out of the atmosphere and fixes it?
Rubisco
In what stage of mitosis are the chromosomes condensing?
Prophase
What lubricates the root tip so it can protect it as it moves through the soil?
MUCIGEL
What is the function of a collenchyma?
It provides support in the stem with elongating tissue, it can also stretch, bend, and grow
What is the petiole?
It's the leaf stalk that holds the blade of the leaf
Where does NADP get reduced to NADPH?
Photosystem I
What is the G2 checkpoint looking for?
If DNA replication was successful
What surrounds the vascular cylinder in a root?
Endodermis
What organizes the placement of leaves around the stem and what is it based on?
Shoot apical meristems; fibonacci series
What section of the leaf is full of chloroplasts?
Palisade mesophyll
How is carbon reduced?
By using ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions
In what stage does the phragmoplast form, and what is it?
Anaphase
Microtubules that form in the center to direct the formation of a new cell wall
What are the functions of the xylem, phloem, and pericycle?
Xylem - transport of water and minerals
Phloem - transport of sugars
Pericycle - dedifferentiation and branch root formation
What is the waxy protective layer on the outside of a stem?
Cuticle
What do stomata follow that directs them to open and close? Give examples of when they would be open and close?
They follow a circadian rhythm
Open: light, dependent on time of day
Closed: drought
When water splits what does it provide?
Replacement electrons and H+ ions
Releases O2
What type of cell develops centripetally? What does this mean?
Animal cells
Membrane comes in and cleaves (outside to in)
What type of plant has a pith in its root?
Monocots
Why is the columnar shape of a cactus beneficial?
It allows them to avoid direct sunlight during the heat of midday
What allows for internal gas exchange on the leaf?
Spongy mesophyll
How many cycles are needed to make one molecule of glucose and how many of each molecule are needed?
6 cycles
18 ATP, 12 NADPH
What is the kinetochore?
It is a protein complex on chromosomes for attachment of microtubules
Orchids have green root caps, why is this?
Roots are photosynthetic
What is convergent evolution and give an example of a succulent you learned in class?
It is when unrelated organisms evolve similarly in response to a similar selective pressure
Variability of succulents when it comes to water storage
What type of leaf has stomata in hidden chambers on the underside of the leaf?
Xerophytic leaf