Prokaryotes
What are the two main groups of prokaryotic organisms?
Bacteria and Archaea
What is the end-product of mitosis?
Two, genetically identical daughter cells
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
A microbe which can cause disease in certain circumstances where a barrier is weakened or in immunocompromised hosts.
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?
Electrons
What is the BORADEST category of taxonomical classifications?
Domain
Circular shaped bacterial cells are termed _________.
Coccus/ cocci
What is an example of a membranous organelle you'd find in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus, ER, Golgi, Peroxisome, Lysosome
What is Louis Pasteur known for?
--> modern day pasteurization
--> early foundations of aseptic technique
--> *** disproving spontaneous generation by showing that microbes didn't come from nowhere, but rather grew as a result of AIRBORNE contamination.
What type of chemical bond described inequal sharing of electrons?
Polar covalent bonds
Acid-Fast staining detects WHAT in some species' cell walls?
Mycolic Acid -- a hallmark feature of MYCOBACTERIUM (Tuburculosis/Leprosy)
What is the difference between passive and active cell transport?
Active requires ENERGY.
_________ means "cell drinking" and refers for the way to intake extracellular fluid.
Pinocytosis
What are Koch's postulates used for?
Determining the specific causative agent behind a disease
What is the major function of carbohydrates?
Main energy source-- gives us and our cells some energy!
Osmosis is a form of _________ transport.
PASSIVE
How are bacterial cell walls different from archaea?
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, archaea do not.
Parasitic helminths are an example of which kingdom of eukaryotes?
Animalia - Plantae - Fungi - Protista
Animalia
What is a PURE CULTURE?
A culture that contains only ONE organism.
What type of BOND holds amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?
PEPTIDE bonds
What does it mean if a molecule is hydrophillic?
"water loving" it will readily interact with water molecules
What FEATURE in gram-negative cell walls may act as an ENDOTOXIN?
Lipid A in the LPS layer
What are TWO differences between the Smooth and the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulums?
STRUCTURE: Rough is studded with ribosomes
FUNCTIONS: Rough contributes more to protein synthesis while smooth contributes more to lipid synthesis.
The gram stain is a _______ stain.
Simple OR Differential
Differential
What makes RNA different from DNA?
--> deoxyribose vs ribose sugar
--> single stranded vs double stranded
--> uracil vs thymine included
--> genetic storage vs protein synthesis
How many chromosomes does a prokaryote have?
Just ONE!