Lecture 1
When did cellular life first occur?
~3.5 BYA (during the Archaean)
What clade contains methanogens and halophiles?
Euryarcheota
What is an example of an excavate descendant?
Parabasalids
Diplomonads
Euglenozoans
Is paraphyletic when a taxon consists of completely unrelated organisms?
No, that would be polyphyletic
Oxygen first occurred ~ _____ ago.
2.5 BYA
What are extreme thermo-acidophiles? Where can you find some? What clade do they belong to?
They're extreme lovers of hot/acidic habitats, you can find some in Yellowstone Natural Park. They belong in the Crenarchaeota.
What scientist is associated with explaining the endomembrane system? Who is associated with the endosymbiont theory?
endomembrane- De Duve
endosymbiont- Margulis
What characteristic do descendants of the opisthokonta share?
Flagella that pushes them from behind.
What are the oldest unequivocal evidence of cellular life? Where do you find them?
Stromatolites, located in Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt, Greenland.
Why is chlamydiae not considered a virus? What do viruses do?
It's not a virus because it goes under cell division; viruses don't.
Viruses inject their genome sequence in the host's nucleus and rely on the host to spread the virus.
What are the two species of trypanosomes? What illnesses do they cause?
Trypanosoma brucei- African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma cruzi- chagas disease
What is the brain eating amoeba? Eye eating amoeba? where do you find them?
Naeglaria fowleri (brain eating) - swimming ponds Kantham amoeba (eye eating)- contact lenses
What are banded iron formations? Why are they important?
Banded iron formations are ocean sediments that alter between dark and light color. They date back to hundreds of millions years ago. They are important because they act as evidence to when oxygenic photosynthesis first occurred.
What are firmicutes? Why are they medically important?
They include a wide array of free-living economically and medically important bacteria. They're known as "gram-positive" bacteria because they get dipped in purple dye, their thick peptidoglycan layer holds onto the dye and stain purple.
What are the three groups of SAR super group? Give examples of each of them and where they can be found.
1. Stramenopiles- Diatoms, found in ocean
brown algae and oomycota
2. Alveolata- dinoflagellates, found in red tides
apicomplexa
3. Rhizarians- foraminifera
What are the crown fungi? Where do you find them?
Ascomycota- truffles
Basidiomycota- store mushroom