XX Repro
Describe the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases of the uterine cycle.
- Menstrual: bleeding
- Proliferative: growth of endometrial glands
- Secretory: secretion of endometrial glands
Name the 3 parts of the male urethra.
Prostatic, membranous, and spongy/penile
Where is long-term stress managed in the body? Short-term stress? What is released at each?
Long-term = adrenal cortex; aldosterone + glucocorticoids
Short-term = adrenal medulla; epinephrine + norepinephrine
Trace the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system.
1) SA node
2) AV node
3) Bundle of His
4) Bundle branches
5) Purkinje fibers
Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen when the atmospheric pressure is 300 mmHg
63 mmHg
What is endometriosis?
When endometrial tissue grows in the pelvic cavity, on the peritoneum, or on the ovary
Name 3 structures involved in the temperature regulation of sperm.
- Dartos muscle
- Cremaster muscle
- Pampiniform plexus
What receptors do peptide hormones use? What receptors do steroid hormones use? What do steroid hormones bind to on said receptor?
- peptide = membrane receptors
- steroid = intracellular; ligand-binding domain
The parasympathetic nervous system utilizes the vagus nerve, also known as ____, to release the neurotransmitter _____, which slows the depolarization of SA nodal cells.
CN X; acetylcholine
Lymph from the right arm drains into the ____ before being transported back into the circulatory system through the ____.
-Right lymphatic duct; right subclavian vein
A woman is born with approximately how many oocytes?
2 million
Leydig cells make ___ and Sertoli cells aid in ___.
Testosterone; sperm production
Aldosterone is a ___ released by the ___ and it works to ____ (increase/decrease) blood pressure and salt retention
Mineralcorticoid; zona glomerulosa; increase
What do the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent mechanically?
P wave: atrial depolarization
QRS: ventricular depolarization (& technically atrial repolarization)
T wave: ventricular repolarization
Explain what the following mean:
-Pc
-πc
-πi
-Pi
List the layers of the uterus from deep to superficial. What are the two sub-layers of the deepest one? Which is sloughed off?
Endometrium - Myometrium - Perimetrium
Stratum functionalis (sloughed of); stratum basalis
Define:
- spermiogenesis
- spermatogenesis
- spermatogonia
- sperm maturation
- the process by which sperm cells are produced
- stem cells used for sperm production
PTH does what? Calcitonin?
PTH: increases blood calcium levels
Calcitonin: decreases blood calcium levels
What is the proper route of blood circulation starting at the right atrium and ending at the aorta?
RA - tricuspid - RV - PSLV - pulmonary trunk - lungs - pulmonary veins - LA - bicuspid - LV - ASLV - aorta
What do the following WBCs target?
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils
- N: acute bacterial infection
- B: allergic reactions
- E: parasitic infections and allergic reactions
List the stages of development that an ovulated oocyte passes through prior to ovulation in order.
- primordial follicle
- primary follicle
- secondary follicle
- Graafian follicle
- ovulated oocyte
Describe the route sperm takes throughout the male reproductive system.
- seminiferous tubules
-rete testis
-epididymis
-ductus deferens
-ampulla
-ejaculatory duct
-prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra
-external urethral orifice
What hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?
All releasing hormones that target the anterior pituitary, oxytocin, ADH (and also dopamine, somatostatin, etc., but these aren’t super relevant)
What do baroreceptors do/cause when they sense a decrease in pressure?
Stimulate the SNS, increase vasoconstriction, & raise HR and contractility
What hormone/chemicals do the following cell types produce?
- G cells
- D cells
- ECL cells
- Ghrelin cells
- Parietal cells
- Chief cells
- gastrin
- somatostatin
- histamine
- ghrelin
- HCl
- pepsinogen