Under Pressure
What does MAP stand for
Mean Arterial Pressure
Gas exchange in lungs occurs in what structure
Alveoli
What are the two types of mechanisms involved in autoregulation
myogenic control and metabolic control
What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, and what organ produces the enzyme
renin from kidney
What force pushes fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end
capillary hydrostatic pressure
True or False: Maintenance of BP requires only the heart
False! It requires cooperation of heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.
If Pressure Increases, what happens to volume?
Volume decreases
T or F: Autoregulation is extrinsic control
False, autoregulation is intrinsic control (Local control)
What organ produces angiotensinogen
Liver
What force pulls in fluid from venous end
Colloid osmotic pressure
What are the three main factors that regulate Blood Pressure?
Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume
What is a pneumothorax?
Air trapped inside thoracic cavity / intrapleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure
T or F: autoregulation needs neural input
false, no outside forces needed!
ACE, Lungs
T or F: Plasma proteins are not involved in pulling fluid from venous end
false! they encourage water to come back into circulation
If SV and HR Increase, what does that do to CO and MAP?
Increase CO and MAP
What are the 4 processes of respiration (in order they occur)
2) External Respiration
3) Transportation of gas
4) Internal Respiration
What organ will always receive same amount of blood flow during rest or exercise
brain!! (750)
What role does adrenal cortex play in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone, which tells kidneys to reabsorb / retain more sodium. This increases water reabsorption (Where salt goes, water flows) --> increases BV --> Increases MAP
What are the 4 capillary transportation mechanisms
1. diffusion through membranes (lipid based substances only)
2. movement through intracellular clefts (Water soluble)
3. Movement through fenestrations
4. transport via vesicles / caveolae (large substances)
If: diameter decrease, viscosity increase, and increase blood vessel length, that does it do PR and MAP
Increase PR and MAP
What doe Alveolar Type II cells secrete, and why is it important?
Surfactant, keeps Alveoli / prevents from collapsing / keeps surface tension low
what are the active tissue conditions
Low oxygen
High Carbon Dioxide
Low pH (or high H+ concentration / acidic)
what are the 4 ways Angiotensin II increases blood pressure
1) ADH hormone, tells kidneys to retain more water
2) Thirst from Hypothalamus
3) Vasoconstriction
4) Aldosterone, tells kidneys to retain more sodium, therefore retaining more water