Membrane structure
The "mosaic" part of the fluid mosaic model
what are proteins?
solute moves from high to low concentration
What is diffusion?
allow for transfer of small molecules and communication between cells
What are Gap junction channels?
increase in disorder
what is enthalpy?
enzynmes are composed of _____ (two things).
what are apoenzymes (proteins) and cofactors (metal ions)?
the "mosaic" part of the fluid mosaic model
What are phospholipids?
moves two substances in the same direction
what is antiport mechanism?
use energy from the breakdown of ATP to transport ions, sugars, polypeptides
What are ABC transporters?
results in a net loss of free energy
What is an exergonic reaction?
enzymes bind to _____ ____ to position substrates close together to speed up reactions.
What are active sites?
proteins imbedded in lipid bilayer
What are integral proteins?
why membrane proteins are necessary in passive transport
What is specific transport proteins make membrane permeable to a specific ion/polar molecule?
completely seal space between cells
what are tight junctions?
type of reaction in which exergonic reactions supply energy for endergonic reactions
What are coupled reactions?
What is 6-8; 35-40 degrees celsius
proteins in the inner or outer surface of plasma membrane, bound to integral proteins
What are peripheral proteins?
buildup of water in plant cells creates this; allows plants to stand
What is turgor pressure?
(not active transport but-) gated water channels, quickly transport water in and out of cells
What are aquaporins?
reactions that result in a transfer of electrons, usually uses H atoms to transfer electrons
What are redox reactions?
describe one type of enzyme inhibition
feedback - production of product halts enzyme activity
competitive - inhibitor binds to active site, prevents substrate from bonding
noncompetitive - inhibitor binds to allosteric site
the function of both cholesterol and glycoproteins
What is fluidity buffers; cell recognition and binding of other molecules?
describe hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
hypotonic - lower concentration of dissolved materials
hypertonic - higher concentration of dissolved materials
isotonic - equal concentration of dissolved materials
describe basic steps in Na+/K+ pump
Na+ bonds to carrier protein, phosphate group transferred from ATP to carrier protein, phosphorylation causes carrier protein to change shape, releasing Na+, K+ bonds to carrier protein, phosphate released, carrier protein changes back to original shape, K+ released into cell
Describe 1st and second law of thermodynamics
What is energy is neither created nor destroyed; energy conversions result in a loss of usable energy due to heat?
describe the enzyme process; how it speeds up reactions, produces products
lowers activation energy;
forms unstable intermediate complex with substrate, enzyme-substrate complex breaks up, product is released