Replication
Transcription
Translation
Regulation
Extra
100
Replication begins with _____ and ends with a new strand of _____
DNA, DNA
100
_____ are mRNA segments that are expressed while _____ are mRNA segments that are cut out.
Exons, Introns
100
mRNA is read from the ____ end to the ____ end
5' to 3'
100
Repressor protein is allosterically ________ (inhibited or activated) by ________
inhibited, lactose
100
The central dogma of biology states that information flows from ____ to ____ to _______
DNA, RNA, proteins
200
__________ extends a nucleic acid sequence with DNA according to base pairing rules
DNA polymerase
200
________ extends a nucleic acid sequence with RNA.
RNA Polymerase
200
_____________ attaches amino acids to the correct tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
200
High glucose concentration leads to _____ transcription of the lac operon
Low
200
The term that describes how DNA is synthesized in opposite directions
anti-parallel
300
Okazaki fragments are found on the ________ strand
Lagging
300
An mRNA has a ______ attached at the 5' end and ______ attached at the 3' end
5' cap (methylated guanine) & poly-A tail
300
t-RNA enters at the ____ site, is catalytically attached to the growing polypeptide at the ____ site, and exits from the ____ site
A, P, E
300
Diversity and precision of eukaryotic gene transcription is achieved through __________
Combinatorial Control
300
__________ prevents double helices from reforming during replication
Single Stranded Binding Protein
400
The enzyme _______ attaches _______ (nucleic acid) on the lagging strand.
primase, primer
400
Upstream noncoding DNA that supports the binding and creation of the Transcription initiation complex.
Control Elements (Enhancers & Promoters)
400
Write the t-RNA anticodon sequence (with directionality) for the mRNA sequence 5' -AUG- 3'
5'-CAU-3'
400
Histone Acetylation by HATs modifies histone tails to _______ transcription. HDACs do the opposite.
promote
400
______ bind to control elements (3 words)
General transcription factors
500
Complete the replication fork
500
euchromatin describes ____ DNA while heterochromatin describes _____ DNA
expressed or loosely packed, not expressed or tightly packed
500
Translation is initiated by ___________ which attract the ________ ribosomal subunit which begins to scan the mRNA for the ______ codon with the sequence ____. Translation is stopped when it reaches the stop codon which causes ____________ to release the ribosomal subunits, newly formed protein, and mRNA
Initiation Factors, 30S or small, start, AUG. Release
500
DNA methylation often occurs on stretches of DNA that are ________
inactive
500
Describe the differences between silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations
silent - no effect on amino acid sequence
missense - change one amino acid to another
nonsense - changes amino acid to stop codon
frameshift - extensive missense