Protists
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
What are the supporting evidence?
States that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes
Cyanobacteria look like chloroplasts
Double membranes
Circular DNA not linear
Have 70S ribosomes
What are adaptations made by land plant for life?
Which of the following are similarities between land plants and green algae?
Waxy cuticle with stomata
Reproductive organs are housed in a jacket of sterile tissue
specialized water transport system
Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids as photosynthetic pigments
Starch as a storage compound
Cell walls made out of cellulose
Flat cristae in the mitochondria
What are some differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Lacking a membrane-bound nucleus (no memberane, localized DNA)
Lack membrane bound organelles
70 s ribosomes some antibiotics only works on 70 S ribosomes only (Eukaryotes 80 S)
Cell division by binary fission not mitosis, cannot undergo sexual reproduction
Cells in a mushroom are mostly haploid. TRUE/FALSE
The technical term for a mushroom is a __________________.
Explanation
They are mostly dikaryotic.
BASIDIOCARP
In extreme environments some bacteria and archea can live in anoxic environments what does this mean?
The environment lacks oxygen therefore for photosynthesis they use a different electron acceptor
What are the three main kinds of meiosis?
Gametic meiosis: organism is diploid, meiosis makes gametes
Sporic meiosis: alternating haploid or diploid individuals, meiosis makes sporesc.
Zygotic meiosis: organism is haploid, meiosis occurs in zygote
What type of meiosis do all land plants go through?
Sporic meiosis
Gametophyte and sporophyte stage
Give def or the word
thermophiles,
cold-loving,
salt-loving,
acid loving (low pH)
heat-loving,
psychrophiles,
halophiles,
acidophiles
The cell in truffles, morels, and cup fungi where meiosis occurs is called the _________________.
Ascus
WHat type of Amoebozoa can cause amoebic disentary in the human guts?
Rhizopoda (true amoeba)
Single cell Move with pseudopodiac.
Habitats:
i. Aquatic & Marine
ii. Damp soil
What AM I?
I Absorb or engulf my food
I am Symbiotic (Mutualist in termite guts)
I am Parasitic like Trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness & Chagas)
Phylum Kinetoplastida
Which of the following use a strobilus during sexual reproduction?
Equisetophyta (or Sphenophyta)
Lycophyta
List and explain the degree of orginizations of prokaroytes?
Give one example for each degree of orginization
unicellular- single cell (E. coli)
colony forming- groups of cells (cyanobacteria)
filamentous- branching or unbranching (actinomycetes)
The Zygomycota are the only primarily aquatic true fungi. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
The Chytridiomycota are the only primarily aquatic true fungi.
Seedless Vascular Plants INCLUDES
Nonvascular Plants INCLUDES
Lycophyta (clumosses and spikemosses)
Pterophyta (ferns)
Psiliphyta (whisk ferns)
Equistophyta (horse tails)
NONVASCULAR
Bryophyta ( mosses)
Heptaphyta ( liverwarts)
Anthocerophyta
List 5 notable protists
Possible answers
Myxomycota (slime molds)
Rhizopoda (true amoeba)
Euglenida
Kinetoplastida
Foraminifera & Actinopoda
Ciliophora
Dinoflagellata
Apicomplexa
Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Phaeophyta (kelp, brown algae)
Rhodophyta
Chlorophyta
While seed plants have many advantages over seedless plants, they still require a very wet environment for sexual reproduction because their male gametes (sperm cells) must swim to the egg.
False
Explanation
One of the great advances with seed plants is the presence of pollen, which means you can complete fertilization without water being around.
Studying prokaryotes can be challengening for what reasons, and still why should we study prokaryotes?
Tiny, DNA swapping, fossils not very helpful
Chemical cycling- decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification (NO3 to NO2) (Atmosphere N2 to NH3, NH4+), NH3 converted to NO3 and NO2)
Bioremediation, oxygen production
When not unicellular, members of both the Chytridiomycota and Zygomoycota have coenocytic hyphae.
False
Chytridiomycota-Single cells (Simple, coenocytic hyphae)
Only fungi with a flagellated stage. Only primarily aquatic true fungi.
Zygomoycota (bread molds)
Coenocytic, Haploid
Black bread mold is a major pest on food stores.
Diseases Prokaryotes can cause
a. Anthrax
(Bacillus anthracis)
b. Plague (Yersinia pestis )
c. Tuberculosis (Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)
d. Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
e. Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
what is the role of protists in earth's ecology?
1. Photosynthetic protists as a carbon “sink”
a. Take up CO2 out of atmosphere
2. Emit cloud forming gases
a. Increase the “albedo effect”
What is the definition of flowers?
In flowering plants, the ovary becomes the seed and the ovule becomes the fruit. T/F
Flowers are defined as having an ovary or an anther (or both). Sepals and petals are not found on all flowers.
False
Seeds come from ovules. Fruits generally derive from the ovary wall. (With some interesting exceptions.)
I get my ATP by doing anaerobic respiration
And I am the cause of syphilis and Lyme disease
What am I?
Spirochetes (Spirochaetalesphylum)
Some fungi form mutually beneficial relationships with plant roots. These particular fungi have hyphae that penetrate deep into the root. In fact, the hyphae push in through the cell walls of individual cells to maximize the contact area between the fungal and plant cell membranes.
Arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi
Draw the life cycle of Division Bryophyta:Mosses with as much details
Plant is haploid
Produces eggs and sperm in archegonia (female) and antheridia (male)
Zygote is held in the archegonium, and grows into a sporophyte
Sporophyte produces spores by meiosis in a sporangium
Swimming sperm.