Module 1
What is the inheritance of an X-linked dominant disorder?
Father to all daughters and not too any of his sons, mother to half her sons and half her daughters
What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix?
DNA helicase
What is negative regulation?
A repressor blocks transcription by binding to the operator
What strand is used as a template for transcription?
Template strand
What mutation changes a codon from GAA (glutamate) to GAG (glutamate)?
Synonymous
What stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase II
If the DNA strand is 3'-TAC-5', what will the mRNA sequence be?
5'-AUG-3'
When is the lac operon on?
Glucose levels are low and lactose is present
Are introns coding or non-coding sequences?
Non-coding
What type of mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop)?
Nonesense
What principle explains why alleles of different genes separate independently during gamete formation?
Law of Independent Assortment
Where does wobble base pairing occur?
5' end of the anticodon or 3' end of the codon
What activates the Gal system?
What is combinatorial control?
Multiple transcription factors regulate a gene
Monosomy is an example of _______
aneuploidy
Genes that have a higher recombination frequency are more likely to _______
cross over
What site binds incoming tRNA?
A site
What is the function of an enhancer?
Increases transcription
What is forward genetics?
Phenotype to genotype
What does non-homologous end joining repair?
Double strand breaks without a template
A married couple are both carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the probability that their first child will be female and affected by the disorder?
1/8
What protects eukaryotic mRNA?
5' cap and Poly A tail (on 3' end)
What does DNA methylation lead to?
Decreased transcription
What type of chromatin leads to maximum gene expression?
Euchromatin
When do mutants grow in a biosynthetic pathway?
When the final product is added in the last step