Heart and Anatomy Function
What is the primary function of the heart?
What is pumping blood throughout the body?
Which of the following blood cells are primarily involved in clotting?
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Neutrophils
D) Lymphocytes
What are platelets?
What is an endocrine gland?
What is a gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream?
Which heart structure prevents backflow into the left ventricle?
A) Aortic semilunar valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonary semilunar valve
D) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
What is the aortic semilunar valve?
What is the primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland?
What is thyroid hormone (T3/T4)?
Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Aorta
D) Superior vena cava
What is the pulmonary vein?
What is the universal donor blood type and why?
What is Type O, because it has no A or B antigens on the red blood cells?
Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Prolactin
What is insulin?
Which of the following is a vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium?
A) Inferior vena cava
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Aorta
What is the inferior vena cava?
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and helps regulate salt balance/blood pressure?
What is aldosterone?
Name the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the bicuspid (or mitral) valve?
Which blood type has A antigens on the red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
What is Type A?
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
What is to regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland?
Where are the coronary arteries located, and what is their function?
What is on the surface of the heart, and their function is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
Where is the parathyroid gland located, and what is its primary hormone?
What is located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, and its primary hormone is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What is the function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?
What is to prevent over-distension of the ventricle and assist in the conduction of electrical signals?
Which white blood cell is most abundant in the bloodstream and acts as the first line of defense against bacterial infections?
What are neutrophils?
What hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete in response to stress?
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
What is the ligamentum arteriosum, and what was its function in fetal circulation?
What is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus that bypassed the lungs in the fetus?
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels?
What is insulin?
Describe the path of blood flow through the heart, starting with the superior vena cava.
What is: Superior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta?
Define a hematocrit. What does it measure, and how is it used in diagnosing medical conditions?
What is the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample? It helps diagnose anemia or dehydration.
What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, and why is it important?
What is a system of blood vessels that carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary, regulating pituitary function?
Describe the difference between the right and left ventricles in terms of structure and function.
What is the right ventricle has a thinner wall and pumps blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle has a thicker wall and pumps blood to the entire body?
Describe the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, focusing on the role of estrogen, progesterone, and LH.
What is estrogen stimulates the growth of the uterine lining, progesterone maintains it, and LH triggers ovulation?