Digestive System
Water is absorbed in the intestines through this passive process, which follows the movement of solutes like sodium.
What is osmosis?
This type of circulatory system maintains higher blood pressure, allowing for faster oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues.
What is a closed circulatory system?
This virus weakens the immune system by specifically targeting CD4⁺ T cells.
What is HIV?
The hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) makes the collecting ducts more permeable to this molecule, increasing water reabsorption.
What is water?
Why did the lung fail the exam?
Because it couldn't handle the pressure!
Herbivores have longer digestive tracts than carnivores because they need extra time and specialized structures to break down this tough plant material.
What is cellulose?
These structures prevent the backflow of blood in veins, ensuring it moves toward the heart.
What are venous valves?
This immune system response involves redness, swelling, heat, and pain due to increased blood flow and immune cell activation.
What is inflammation?
The glomerulus filters blood, allowing small molecules like water, ions, and glucose to pass while preventing these larger molecules from entering the filtrate.
What are proteins and blood cells?
Why did the dendritic cell go to therapy?
Because it had too many unprocessed feelings!
This structure in the small intestine maximizes nutrient absorption by increasing surface area.
What are microvilli?
In the cardiac cycle, this phase allows the ventricles to fill with blood before the next contraction.
What is diastole?
This part of the immune system provides physical and chemical barriers to prevent pathogen entry.
What is the external innate immune system?
This hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, leading to water retention and increased blood pressure.
What is aldosterone?
Why did the villi throw a party in the small intestine?
Because they were absorbing all the good vibes!
What is lipase?
Bile salts break down large fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing surface area for this enzyme to break down triglycerides.
This enzyme converts carbon dioxide into bicarbonate in red blood cells, allowing for efficient CO₂ transport in the blood.
What is carbonic anhydrase?
This process allows only T cells that recognize a specific antigen to multiply, ensuring a targeted immune response.
What is clonal selection?
The loop of Henle creates this kind of gradient in the kidney medulla, allowing for water reabsorption.
What is an osmotic gradient?
Why did the red blood cell refuse to leave the heart?
Because it was in a serious circulation!
What is the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)?
This transporter allows sodium to move down its concentration gradient while pulling glucose against its gradient into the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
What is the sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve?
The cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin enhances oxygen transport efficiency and is represented by this characteristic curve.
What are dendritic cells?
These immune cells present antigens to helper T cells, activating the adaptive immune response.
This part of the nephron is highly permeable to water but impermeable to solutes, allowing water to leave the filtrate and concentrate urine.
What is the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
Why did the nephron refuse to gossip?
Because it knew how to keep things reabsorbed!