Arteries & Arterioles
The muscular, middle layer of arteries.
What is Tunica media?
The 3 main types of capillaries.
What are continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous capillaries?
Veins serve as a _________ reservoir.
What is a blood reservoir.
Composed of dermis and epidermis, prevents pathogens from entering the body.
What is the skin?
Large, complex molecules that react with antibodies or lymphocytes to cause an immune response.
What are antigens?
The peak pressure exerted by ejected blood against the vessel wall.
What is systolic pressure?
The net movement of ions or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
Veins have large radii, which results in _______ resistance to flow.
What is low resistance?
Apoptosis-initiating cell that releases perforin and granzyme.
What is the natural killer (NK) cell?
Cells that recognize one kind of foreign antigen and produce antibodies against it.
What are B-lymphocytes?
Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure
What is pulse pressure?
The process of plasma filtering out of a capillary, mixing with surrounding interstitial fluid, and being reabsorbed into the capillary.
What is bulk flow?
The volume of blood that the veins can accommodate.
Small proteins that are released by virus-infected cells that interfere with viral replication.
What are interferons?
Cells that oversee immune response by presenting antigens to other lymphatic cells and secrete cytokines.
What are helper T-lymphocytes?
Artery that is used for blood pressure reading.
What is the brachial artery?
The pressure exerted by a fluid, either blood or interstitial fluid.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The volume of blood per minute entering each atrium from the veins.
What is venous return?
Immediate, local, and nonspecific event that occurs in vascularized tissue when it is damaged. Signs include redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.
What is inflammation?
The process cross-link formation between antibodies and cells (e.g. bacteria) resulting in "clumps."
What is agglutination?
Cells that adjust arteriole radius to increase or decrease blood supply to individual organs.
What are smooth muscle cells?
The pressure exerted by plasma protein concentrations.
What is colloid osmotic pressure?
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is equal to _____ x _____.
What is cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR).
The _________ raises the set point for body temperature leading to a fever.
What is the hypothalamus?
Cells that produce a rapid and strong immune response following a secondary antigen exposure.
What are memory cells?