Vocabulary (New)
Define a Hybrid Zone
A region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids.
____________ is the existence of some biological factors that impeded two species from producing viable, fertile offspring
What is Reproductive Isolation
What species concept is also known as the General Species Definition?
What is the Biological Species Concept?
List the four modes of Speciation
1. Allopatric speciation
2. Peripatric speciation
3. Parapatric speciation
4. Sympatric speciation
What is the definition of speciation?
What is the process in which lineages diverge and a new species is formed
Define a Ring Species
Despite being geographically close, two species stemming from the same ancestor cannot mate due to drastic evolutionary difference inspite of being genetically similar.
Aside from Geographic Barriers, what other factors can cause reproductive Isolation? List 2
~Behavioral
~Structural
~Offspring Viability
~Prezygotic Barriers
~Postzygotic Barriers
What species concept defines species by body shape and general structure?
What is the Morphological Species Concept?
Which mode of Speciation is what we typically think of when it comes to speciation events? Hint: Galapagos Islands
Peripatric Speciation
What is the Species Problem?
What is the difficulty of defining a Species from one organism to another
Define Hybrid Viability within the context of Postzygotic Barriers
Offspring are malformed and die
What causes the Postzygotic barrier of Hybrid Breakdown.
Long term genetic incompatibility.
How does Phylogenetic Species Concept define species?
They define species by organizing them by the smallest number of organisms that share an ancestor and can still be distinguished from other similar groups.
In which two modes is speciation not brought on by isolation?
1. Sympatric Speciation
2. Parapatric Speciation
What is the central conclusion of evolutionary theory?
Life is old and organisms share a common ancestor
Define Prezygotic Barriers
These are barriers that prevent or block fertilization from occurring. The sperm will never join the egg.
Give an example of Temporal Isolation
Certain frog species have different breeding times, despite living in the same habitat
Which Species concept overstates the number of species we have?
What is Morphological Species Concept?
Chimps and Bonobos share a common ancestor, but after a river split them up they became different species... What mode of speciation does this example demonstrate?
Allopatric Speciation
What 4 things does Punctuate equilibria NOT suggest? List One
1. Darwin's Theory of Evolution is Wrong
2. The central theory of evolution no longer holds
3. All previous work done on how evolution works is no longer true
4. Evolution does not occur gradually, but instead only in rapid bursts
Define Punctuated equilibria
This term is used to describe periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change. It contrasts the idea of gradual change.
List all 5 Prezygotic Barriers
1. Habitat Isolation
2. Temporal Isolation
3. Behavioral Isolation
4. Mechanical Isolation
5. Gametic Isolation
What is one drawback to defining species via the Ecological species concept?
~Some species that serve different purposes can still reproduce
~Some species Ecological niches change throughout their lifetime
~Animals can change habitats or an environmental change could occur where in animals can't perform their niche anymore
~Doesn't Account for Asexual Reproduction
List 3 Drivers of Sympatric Speciation
1. Polymorphism
2. Polyploidy
3. Sexual Selection
List the three possible outcomes that can arise from hybrids.
1. Reinforcement
2. Fusion
3. Stability