Modules 1, 2, & 3
Which hierarchical level of ecological study is concerned with demographics and intraspecific interactions?
Population ecology
A method that requires multiple trapping efforts of the same population at different points in time.
mark-recapture
Association between fungi and the roots of plants
Mycorrhizae
What is Gross Primary Productivity?
Amount of energy stored by plants during photosynthesis
The difference in temperature compared to an average, or baseline, temperature
Temperature anomaly
This graph shows what pattern of selection?
Stabilizing selection
What symbol is used to define the proportional growth rate as a result of discrete reproductive efforts?
λ (Lambda)
Identify a producer on the food web.
phytoplankton, diatoms, flagellates
What are at the three reasons why tropical environments support more species?
–Greater solar radiation and precipitation leads to greater plant productivity
–Less seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation
–Longer periods of evolutionary time without major climatic disruption (e.g., glaciation)
Why are marine organisms more vulnerable to climate change?
Water has a much higher specific heat than land (requires more energy to raise its temperature).
Thus, marine organisms experience less daily/seasonal temperature variation, and are more sensitive to changes in their thermal environment.
What is the independent variable in this graph?
Year
What does this graph depict?
Type II/Hyperbolic predator functional response type
According to the graph, when is the probability of seed/seedling maturation highest?
At greater distances from the parent tree
What is a common early pioneer in primary succession?
Lichen
What is the trend in avian species richness noticed in the Mojave Region of California over the last 100 years?
Decline in avian species richness
What pattern of speciation is most likely to occur after diversifying selection?
sympatric speciation
According to the graph, at what point are (1) the predators and (2) hosts at their maximum population size?
1) B
2) C
What scientist found that "plants have obvious primacy in food webs since their primary productivity is a fundamental control of higher trophic levels (i.e., bottom-up control)"?
Mary Power
According to Molino & Sabatier (2001), what resulted in peaked levels of tree species richness in tropical forests?
Intermediate levels of treefall gaps
What are the 4 categories of green infrastructure?
Regulating, provisioning, cultural, supporting/habitat
Match the following terms with their definitions:
1. Genetic drift
2. Population bottleneck
3. Founder effect
________
A. Occurs when the size of a geographically isolated population becomes very small
B. A small migratory group of individuals colonize a new area
C. Evolutionary variation that is due to chance (random)
1. Genetic drift — C. Evolutionary variation that is due to chance (random)
2. Population bottleneck — A. Occurs when the size of a geographically isolated population becomes very small
3. Founder effect — B. A small migratory group of individuals colonize a new area
Look at point B in the figure. What is predicted to happen to species 2 (1) at point B and (2) after passing the isocline?
(1) The population size of species 2 will increase, then (2) decrease after crossing the species 2/N2 isocline
What is the connectivity (C) of this food web?
C = 2(# of links)/(S(S-1))
C = 2(7)/(6)(5) = 0.47
How would you calculate the β diversity between sites C and D?
β = 2Sb / (S1 + S2)
β = 2(6) / (9 + 6) = 0.80
Which island would be predicted to have the lowest species richness according to Island Biogeography Theory?
A