Heart Anatomy
_____ occurs when the heart contracts and _____ occurs when the heart relaxed.
Systole; Diastole
The ____________ _____ generates 40-60 action potentials per minute.
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
The formula for cardiac output is...
Heart Rate + Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output
This term describes one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart.
The Cardiac Cycle
These blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Arteries
________ blood from the ____ ____ enter the right atrium.
Deoxygenated; Vena Cava
These two types of cardiac muscle cells make up the heart’s electrical and mechanical systems.
Conducting and Contractile cells
This is the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each contraction.
Stroke Volume
This phase of the cardiac cycle occurs when the heart chambers contract.
Systole
The middle layer of a blood vessel; responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
Tunica Media
Name the four heart valves.
This structure conducts impulses from the AV node to the bundle branches.
Bundle of His
This term refers to the amount of pressure required to open the semilunar valves.
Afterload
During this phase of ventricular systole, pressure rises and the AV valves close, but semilunar valves have not yet opened.
Isovolumetric Contraction
These small vessels connect arteries to capillaries and experience the greatest pressure drop.
Arterioles
The remnant of fetal circulation between the right and left atria found after birth.
Fossa Ovalis
In an ECG, the QRS complex represents this event.
Ventricular Depolarization
This refers to the amount of blood left in a ventricle after contraction.
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
The P wave represents this part of the cardiac cycle on an EKG.
Atrial depolarization
These blood vessels contain valves that prevent backflow and ensure one-way flow toward the heart.
Veins
This structure collects deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and drains it into the right atrium.
Coronary Sinus
This part of the conduction pathway spreads the wave of depolarization across the ventricles.
The Purkinje Fibers
This law states that stroke volume is proportional to the end-diastolic volume.
Frank-Starling Principle
This term describes the period when semilunar valves close and ventricles begin to relax before AV valves reopen.
Isovolumetric Relaxation
This network of small vessels provides blood supply to the outer walls of large arteries.
Vasa Vasorum