Carbohydrates and Metabolism
This organ is the first to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine.
What is the Liver
This substance is required for proper absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine.
Bile
When blood glucose levels fall, this pancreatic hormone is secreted to raise them.
glucagon
This process occurs when heat or acid causes a protein to lose its original shape.
denaturation
After a high‑fat meal, this type of stress increases and can damage the endothelium, reducing vascular function.
oxidative stress
This is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body.
What is glycogen
These spherical complexes form during fat emulsification and help transport lipids across the intestinal wall.
Micelles
This type of diabetes cannot be reversed through diet and exercise because it is autoimmune in origin.
Type 1 diabetes
This enzyme, which requires stomach acid to be activated, would be impaired in people who cannot produce hydrochloric acid.
pepsin
This diet demonstrated the greatest blood pressure reduction when sodium intake was lowered from moderate to low levels.
DASH diet
In rapid glycolysis, if you start with glucose, how many gross and net ATP do you get?
Gross is 4, net is 2.
Compared to HDL, this lipoprotein contains more cholesterol.
LDL
Along with excessive thirst and frequent urination, this symptom—increased hunger—is also a classic sign of diabetes.
polyphagia
This process describes how messenger RNA is created from a DNA template.
transcription
This lipid pattern includes high triglycerides and low HDL, but not large, fluffy LDL particles.
What is atherogenic dyslipidemia?
Fatty acids are converted into acetyl‑CoA through this metabolic process.
Beta-oxidation
This part of the gastrointestinal tract is the main site where dietary fat is hydrolyzed.
small intestine
This long‑term study found that lifestyle changes—like weight loss and physical activity—reduced diabetes risk more than metformin.
Diabetes prevention program
Healthy infants, children, and pregnant women are in this overall nitrogen balance state.
positive nitrogen balance
This phrase means that the breakdown of fats for energy depends on metabolic intermediates produced from carbohydrate metabolism.
What is “fat burns in a carbohydrate flame”?
This molecule exerts the greatest regulatory effect on rate‑limiting metabolic enzymes.
ADP
This lipoprotein is responsible for carrying cholesterol away from peripheral tissues and back to the liver, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport.
HDL
T/F:
In the Diabetes Prevention Program, the major factor explaining the reduced risk of developing diabetes in the lifestyle group was weight loss.
False
These amino acids can be converted into pyruvate, unlike ketogenic amino acids which convert to acetyl‑CoA.
glucogenic amino acids
After a carbohydrate‑rich meal, this enzyme becomes active to help store glucose as glycogen.
What is glycogen synthase?