Fluidity and Proteins
The cell membrane is known to be _______
Fluid (not static)
What aspect of steroid hormone composition is key for their direct movement through a cell?
Small and nonpolar
What would you expect this graph to look like if samples were taken from muscle tissue of a lemur?
on board
An epinephrine molecule is an example of a what?
Ligand
What is the name of the region that divides the epithelia into apical and basolateral regions?
Tight junction
Do carbon carbon bonds increase or decrease membrane fluidity?
Increase
The head of the phospholipid is considered ___________.
Hydrophilic (water loving)
What would you expect this graph to look like given the exposed animal is ectothermic?
on board
What is the channel called that always remains open?
Resting leak channels
When a molecule enters the cell through the apical region and exits through the basal region, which pathway has been used?
Transcellular
What is one thing that influences membrane fluidity?
Composition of polar head; degree of saturation for tail (%of unsaturated vs saturated)
What aspect of molecules affects the polarity and strength?
Charge of molecule
What is the main role of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the extracellular surface of the cell membrane?
Self-self recognition
What are the channels called that need a specific molecule to bind for an action to occur?
Ligand gated
The cells that make up the inside lining of all blood vessels are known as ___________ cells and make up the __________ of animals.
Endothelial cells, endothelium
Which proteins cannot be removed from the membrane without damage?
Integral (transmembrane)
What gives the unsaturated hydrocarbon tail their distinct “kink”?
Double carbon carbon bonds
Explain why a sea bass would decrease the % of unsaturated fatty acids with increasing temperature.
Due to fish inability to thermoregulate, increasing water temperatures will lead to an increase in membrane fluidity of their cells. In order to counteract this and reestablish a more ideal membrane fluidity the animal will decrease the percentage of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails.
What are the channels called that are triggered by a difference in charges?
Voltage gated channels
The microvilli on epithelial cells of the gut of animals are found on what side of the cell?
Apical
Where can peripheral proteins be found?
On both intracellular and extracellular sides of the membrane
The secondary structure of protein folding is caused by what?
Hydrogen bonding
Explain how an integral protein can be multifunctional
Ligand gated channels can serve as a receptor in one region (where the ligand binds). Also as a channel in another region (where (x) molecule is passing through).
The ligand used for intracellular receptor proteins are what?
Transcription factors
Where does the apical region of the epithelium face?
Lumen (body cavity)