Infection
The presence of microorganisms (germs) on or in the body without causing symptoms of an infection
What is colonization?
A foreign or "non-self" substance (such as a virus, bacterium, pollen, or a cancer cell) that triggers an immune response from the body.
What is an antigen?
These agranulocytes become macrophages which are responsible for phagocytosis as well as antigen-presenting cells, which are the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
What are monocytes?
A hormone produced primarily in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
A common condition post-operatively, this occurs when the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) become blocked or compressed and collapse, preventing them from performing gas exchange.
What is atelectasis?
This type of fungal infection can appear in the mouth as thrush but can also cause fatal disseminated infection in the immunocompromised.
What is Candida albicans?
Cells that are part of our adaptive immune systems that become plasma cells and produce antibodies.
What are B cells?
A medical procedure that involves removing a small amount of the liquid part of the bone marrow for closer examination.
What is bone marrow aspiration?
The universal donor, a person of this blood type can safely donate to any other blood type because it doesn’t contain any antigen markers that the recipient's immune system will recognize as foreign.
What is Type O- blood?
Tests that measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange to show how well a person's lungs are working.
What are pulmonary function tests (PFTs)?
The fourth stage of infection, this is when the body is progressively eliminating the pathogen.
What is the convalescent stage?
This type of immunity is caused by exposure to the antigen through infection or a vaccine.
What is active acquired immunity?
A type of lymphoma most common lymphoma in young adults and adolescents, it is characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells (“owl eyes”) on microscopic examination.
What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
This RBC disorder is caused by misshaped RBCs that can lodge in capillaries causing tissue hypoxia and severe pain which is called a vaso-occlusive crisis.
What is sickle cell anemia?
The leading cause of death by infection in the USA, this is an infection in which the lung tissue becomes inflamed and the alveoli air space fill with fluid.
What is pneumonia?
This is a serious bacterial infection that can be fatal and is characterized by signs/symptoms such as fever, nuchal rigidity, headache, and photophobia.
What is bacterial meningitis?
This hypersensitivity reaction is an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance (allergen), like pollen or certain foods.
What is a type I hypersensitivity reaction or immediate hypersensitivity?
A hematologic disorder characterized by CRAB: calcium elevation, renal dysfunction, anemia, and bone disease.
What is multiple myeloma?
A microcytic, hypochromic anemia characterized by labwork that shows low hemoglobin and hematocrit, low ferritin, and high TIBC.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
A bacterial infection of the throat caused by the Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS) bacteria, this needs to be treated with antibiotics to prevent complications.
What is "strep throat"?
A vector born disease that is characterized by erythema migrans, a common symptom that occurs in over 70 percent of people who contract this disease.
What is Lyme disease?
This autoimmune disease can cause chronic joint inflammation and joint erosion, systemic symptoms, and bone deformities such as swan neck deformity, ulnar deviation, and Boutonniere deformity.
What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill or slow down the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells.
What is chemotherapy?
Typically found in critically ill patients and developing secondary to other disorders, this disorder is characterized by both clot formation and bleeding episodes.
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A broad medical term that refers to shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
What is dyspnea?