body basics
The smallest living structural unit of the body.
What is the cell?
This plane divides the body into right and left parts.
What is the sagittal plane?
Subatomic particle with a negative charge.
electron
Bond formed when atoms share electron pairs.
covelent
The monomer of proteins.
amino acid
This term describes the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
What is homeostasis?
The sternum is ______ to the heart.
What is anterior (ventral)?
The number of protons in an atom is also its ______ number.
atomic number
Weak bond stabilizing DNA and protein structure.
hydrogen
The polysaccharide used by animals for energy storage.
glycogen
The dorsal body cavity contains the brain and the ________.
What is the spinal cord?
Term that means "toward the midline of the body."
medial
Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of ______.
neutrons
A chemical reaction that releases energy.
exergonic
TP releases energy when this bond is broken.
The terminal phosphate bond (ATP → ADP + Pi).
Name two organ systems that help regulate pH balance in the body.
What are the respiratory and urinary systems?
Body region term for "arm."
brachial
Ion that has lost one or more electrons.
cation
NaCl in water dissociates into Na⁺ & Cl⁻ → NaCl is a(n) ______.
electrolyte
Lipid that is the primary component of plasma membranes.
phospholipid
Explain the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback, giving one example of each.
Negative feedback reverses change (e.g., insulin lowering blood sugar); positive feedback amplifies change (e.g.,
Cut dividing the body into superior & inferior.
transverse
Difference between potential & kinetic energy.
otential = stored (glycogen), Kinetic = active (muscle contraction).
How enzymes affect activation energy.
They lower activation energy → reactions go faster.
Compare DNA and RNA.
DNA: deoxyribose, A-T-C-G, double-stranded; RNA: ribose, A-U-C-G, single-stranded.