Building Matter
This is the smallest unit of matter
What is an atom?
This intermolecular bond is responsible for water being liquid at room temperature
What is a hydrogen bond?
This element forms the backbone of life’s molecules
What is carbon?
This macromolecule is formed from repeated units called monomers.
What is a polymer?
The materials as they are at the start of a chemical reaction.
What are reactants?
The protons and neutrons form this part of the atom
What is the nucleus?
In this type of mixture, a material is dissolved and completely dispersed in a solvent, such as water.
What is a solution?
A carbohydrate used to store energy, formed of repeated sugar monomers.
What is a starch?
The transmitter of genetic information.
What is DNA?
These are broken during a chemical reaction.
What are chemical bonds?
The identity of an element is determined by the number of these
What are protons?
A solution of weak acids or bases and their conjugate that prevent sudden changes in pH.
What is a buffer?
The building blocks of nucleic acids, made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
Is formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
What is a carbohydrate?
The energy required to move a reaction forward.
What is activation energy?
This is made of two or more atoms, and has completely different properties than its component elements
What is a compound?
This property of matter is demonstrated by the curved meniscus of water in a glass container.
What is adhesion?
These carbon macromolecules are not soluble in water, and can act as protective barriers for plants or long term energy storage in animals.
What is a lipid?
Amino acids are composed of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and one of twenty of these.
What is an R group?
These chemicals reduce the energy needed to start a chemical reaction, but do not change during the reaction.
What are catalysts?
This type of bond is formed when one atom donates its electrons to another atom
What is an ionic bond?
The measure of the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution.
What is the pH scale?
The bond linking amino acids, or polypeptide chains.
What is a peptide bond?
Homeostasis is important to maintain the structure of proteins. Too much variation in conditions like temperature or pH can cause the protein to do this.
What is denature?
Without these catalyst proteins, living organisms would never be able to complete the reactions necessary for life.
What are enzymes?