Cat 1
a nucleic acid that stores the information required for cells to function. This molecule is passed from one generation to the next
DNA
Involves the recombination of 2 parents DNA (gametes combine through fertilization)o Humans reproduce sexuallyo Less offspring produced and energetically costly
Sexual Reproduction
is the first generation being mated
P generation
How many chromosomes should a human body have?
46
Found that some alleles encoded a protein regardless of what other allele was present
Known as a _____________________ allele
A zygote is a what cell?
diploid
The allele that encoded a protein that was covered up or masked is known as a
Recessive
A _____________________ describes an individual's appearance or characteristics.
Phenotype
What 2 scientist discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What are functions of mitosis
development, growth, repair, and cell replacement in multicellular organisms
asexual reproduction in unicellular and some multicellular eukaryotes
Gametes are what cells
haploid
We use ________________ to grow and develop as we age
mitosis
Sperm and egg are examples of _______________ cells (n), which means that they only have one set of chromosomes
haploid
What begins when a single cell gains a mutation that causes it to lose control of its cell cycle. These mutations are passed onto daughter cells through mitosis?
Cancer
contain one set of chromosomes
Human gametes
the name of the scientist that also deserved recognition for her discovery of critical data in identifying the structure of DNA was
building blocks of proteins
amino acids
Gametes are formed through_________________.
meoisis
the resulting offspring from the P generation
F1 generation
Multicellular organisms (like humans) use cell division for growth, repair of tissues, andfor ______________ reproduction (producing offspring with a combination of traits fromtheir parents)
sexual
What 3 parts make up a monomer?
deoxyribose (a sugar; note that this is in the name of DNA!)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
Ribose (a sugar; note that this is in the name of RNA!)
phosphate group
nitrogenous
Each monomer of RNA is made of three parts
RNA makes a copy (transcript) of the DNA message and in the case of eukaryotes, leaves the nucleus
RNA also takes the message to a ribosome where the RNA is "read" and translated intothe language of proteins... AMINO ACID
create proteins by translation
Primary function of RNA
What are some causes of mutations?
spontaneous errors during DNA replication
viral infection
exposed to mutagens